Taxus chinensis prospects for development and cultivation technology
Abstract: elaborates the development prospects of taxus, cultivating technologies are briefly introduced, for your reference.
Keywords: third cultivation technology development prospects
Taxus chinensis (Chinese yew), belong to a shallow-rooted plants, its taproot is not obvious, lateral root developed, is the world recognized as endangered rare natural anticancer plants, is the legacy of the quaternary glacier, ancient tree species on the earth has a history of 2.5 million years. Because under the condition of natural taxus chinensis growth speed is slow, regeneration ability is poor, so for a long time, around the world has not yet formed massive touch of taxus chinensis raw material forest base. China has put it as a level of rare and endangered plants, and the United Nations has banned logging.
1 the morphological characteristics and biological characteristics
Taxus chinensis is evergreen trees, branchlets become yellowish or reddish brown, autumn leaves bar, dioecious, seeds oblate. Seeds used for oil, also can be used as a medicine. A shallow-rooted plants, its taproot is not obvious, lateral root developed, up to 30 m, diameter of 1 m. Spiral alternate, basal turn into two columns, slightly curved bar, 1-2.5 cm long, width of 2-2.5 mm, margin slightly of inflection, leaf apex acuminate, back is two wide belt yellowish green or gray-green, midrib densely have tiny bumps, margin very narrow green belt, dioecious, was born in axillary, male cone single ovule solitary on rachis of the female cone at the top of the upper lateral short axis, have disc aril at base. Seeds compressed ovoid, aril goblet, red. Reviewing all parts of north and south is suitable for planting, fond of shade and drought tolerant, afraid of waterlogging, cold resistance, the characteristics of soil PH value at 5.5 ~ 7.0. Nature grows in the valley, stream, gentle slope humus rich in acidic soil, neutral soil and calcareous soil can grow. Slow growth, long service life. Growth habit: seedling or negative, seedling and transplant to shade the first year management.
2 development prospects
2.1 protection value
Rare species, grade Ⅰ state key protected wild plants. The quaternary ice age 2.5 million years ago the legacy of yew tree, is a treasure of endangered species, is the living fossil in the plant. Taxus chinensis plant is locating in China in 1994 as a national level of protection, at the same time there are 42 fields of worldwide countries called "national treasure", is worthy of the name "giant panda" plants. Expand fields cultivated area, the establishment of taxus chinensis population base, increasing its amount is very urgent. Its development prospect is very considerable.
2.2 medicinal value
A preventive against cancer. Yew can not only absorb carbon monoxide, nicotine, sulfur dioxide and other toxic substances, also can absorb the carcinogenic substances such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, purify air, anti-cancer effect.
The cancer. Taxus chinensis is only can extract paclitaxel in all plants, plant. Taxol is internationally recognized anti-cancer medicine, has the characteristics of broad spectrum, high efficiency and low toxicity.
2.3 the ornamental value
Long service life, compact and not dense foliage, stretch and not loose. Strong thick trunk, vigorous and forceful. Tree appearance beautiful, red stems, branches, green leaves, red colour and lustre is beautiful, it has a view stems, branches, foliage, view multiple ornamental value. The seed when ripe fruit hangs full branch, extremely rich a harvest scene. In addition, it also has a unique landscape ornamental value and application of dwarf technology processing of taxus chinensis bonsai, the modelling of primitive simplicity is elegant, smooth red stem means magnanimous and nobility, persistence and eternity, and evergreen coniferous expression like "acacia beans" red beans, revealing the love and miss, in the whole plant contains modelling without dew, transcendental and free from vulgarity, have the strong life breath and the western culture.
3 breeding technology
3.1 planting seedling technique
3.1.1 viability
Viability choice with soil deep, loose structure, rich in organic matter, good drainage and does not suffer a western, deep wet brown soil and dark brown soil where is advisable.
3.1.2 soil preparation and fertilization
Soil preparation time is in the middle of January, site preparation, prematurely weeds grow too fast, increase the weeding labor. The specific approach: first, the weather is fine after two days or so to soil drying with iron plows the commune, and then press oil per acre withered, instant high-quality compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, each 50 kilograms of measurement into fertilizers, silkworm and spraying on the soil liquid sprayer (by 30 kg capacity with 1, 2 liquid medicine spraying) measurement and lime in six to eight jins, prevention and control of underground pests, soil PH value adjustment. Second, making clods crushed into powder, and they are evenly fold fertilizer into the soil, etc. Third, drainage, depth excavation points do bed compartments. Seedbed to straight, so that the arch sun-shade net in the future. Seedbed Mao Kuan 1.5 meters (net bed 1.2 meters wide, trails 0.3 meters) wide, bed up to 40 cm. Fourthly, on the bed and finely yellow bottom of subsoil, thickness 5 cm, in case of seedling root rot, with 10 cm wide horizontal pressure out of the sowing ditch, ditch 2 -- 3 cm deep, groove from 10-15 cm long.
3.1.3 seeding kind
Seeding quantity, seeding control within 15 kg per mu. Seeding time: in late January or early spring in the site preparation fertilization in 7 days, the reason is inside the fertilizer in the soil of fermentation period is over, will not result in a "burn". If 30% seeds open cracks, sow the most appropriate. After sowing, harvest forests finely yellow subsoil covered seeds, 1 -- 2 cm thickness with no seeds advisable. Bed surface covering film or thatched with warming embellish, alleviate the rain splash, promote the soil loose, slow down the weeds grow. Seeds begin to burgeon to uncover membrane or thatch. Mulch or thatch unravel to vote after drugs such as strengthen the deratization rat poison, harm and to take precautions against birds.
3.1.4 seedling stage management
Shade. Seedlings were about 30%, building arch YinPeng shade (sun-shade net), GongPeng around 1.7 metres high, light transmittance at 60%, to avoid sun burn the buds. YinPeng until late October to dismantle, reuse the following year.
Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests. Pest control to take prevention first, treatment methods, yew seedling stage main disease there is damping off and leaf blight, root rot and pest mainly cutworms, grubs, spiders, aphids and so on.
Damping off 0.5 available: 0.5:100 or 1:1:10 0 times as much as half quantity or amount of bordeaux mixture spray control, spray once every 7-10 day, continuous spray 3-5 times.
Found cutworms, grubs and beetles, locusts, aphids, etc, according to every 30 kg water with omethoate 2 bottle caps, swept away the three measuring the spray time, then according to 30 kg water with 2 g 1 package of 70% imidacloprid, soil 1 measurement of silkworm and the spray control at a time.
Root rot especially attaches great importance to the cause. Root rot is a common disease yew plant seedlings. The rainy season when the plants susceptible to root rot.
Scarification weeding. Cloudy moderate scarification weeding. Weeding "in addition to the early, in addition to the small".
Water management. After seedling lignification, vigorous growth, shi into the nitrogen, phosphate, each 10 kg per acre. When necessary, outside a root fertilization every half month. Stop fertilizer in October; Drought is heavy with water spray until bed wet.
Thinning out. Somewhere as a result of seeding uneven, cause seedling too close too thin, can choose cloudy days or after the rain of the weather in seedling transplant within the seedbed, between dense dilute, can make full use of the seedbed of land resources, saving the cost of site preparation, improve the qualification rate of nursery stock.
3.2 afforestation techniques
3.2.1 planting area
According to its biological characteristics, planting area should select in the slope part and the groove side slope foot, Yin slope or half cloudy slope, slope of 30 degrees, the sunshine is short (4 hours, 6 hours) and PH in 5-7 acidic sandy loam area (generally grow pinaceae plants, ferns, bamboo area are appropriate). Can also be under the smaller young forest crown density afforestation, preferably near a natural taxus chinensis distribution.
3.2.2 soil preparation
Site preparation is in commonly 10 ~ 12 month. Gently topography, soil deep, fertility good plot appropriate USES massive soil preparation, zonal soil preparation or horizontal belt soil preparation; Mountains and land appropriate cavernous site preparation; Young forest afforestation, depending on the trees and the size of crown density distribution, clearing in the woods by cavernous soil preparation. Cavernous afforestation should try to connect of ribbon or small belt. Clefts specifications 40 cm x 40 cm * 30 cm, remove stones, debris, etc., basal dressing again, 1 kg per hole, fertilizer is given priority to with organic fertilizer.
3.2.3 planting seedlings
Generally choose 2 ~ 3 years of afforestation seedlings were up the hill. Afforestation time in the early spring, for good, namely each year in late November to next early march, afforestation in 3 month time at high altitudes is advisable. Plant spacing 1 m * 1 m. Increases with the increasing the plant, the plant before the roots of the seedling in ABT ShengGenFen mud solution within a few minutes, so as to promote the root growth and seedling physiological water loss. Seeding adopts "three buried two step on a seedling" method, and in a timely manner to soak the root water.
3.2.4 tending management
Pacltitaxel negative slow shallow root tree species, tree high average growth of 0.2-0.2 m, average DBH increment of 0.4 -- 0.6 cm. Before a few years after afforestation to careful management. Generally in 5 ~ 6 months and 8 ~ 9 months hoe fondle each 1 times, mainly scarification, weeding, etc. In hoe fondle to deal ridging, enlarge hole, buried green seedlings, in order to increase the soil fertility, water conservation. Since 2 years, can be combined with tending fertilization practice, at least 1 ~ 2 times a year, fertilization method is in the canopy projection dig annular groove outside loop, will compound fertilizer evenly into the groove, after each 200 g (increasing), water, and soil can be filled. To promote the growth of young forest, the afforestation after five years, according to the sapling growth for pruning, dry, in order to change the yew branches low, big crown, the trunk is not obvious. Stand after reaching certain crown density, in a timely manner tending transplantation.
3.2.5 pest control
If found to have a small spiders, aphids, etc., can be sprayed omethoate, sweep, imidacloprid drugs (usage. Ditto) prevention and control.
