地方金融监管问题探究

——以广州互联网小额贷款行业为例

专    业：工商管理硕士

硕 士 生：

指导教师：

摘  要

金融体系的稳定是经济持续增长和社会长治久安的基石。然而，随着金融业的不断发展深化和创新，金融机构和金融产品也趋于隐蔽化、多样化和复杂化，相应的，金融监管的难度也越来越大。

为了维持金融系统的稳定，中国的金融监管体系也在不断变革。其中，“一行两会”是金融监管的主线，实现了自上而下的垂直监管。地方金融监管则是对应着自下而上的金融创新。地方金融的监管部门既肩负地方金融发展的责任，又需要兼顾防范区域性金融风险。互联网小额贷款由于突破了股东及经营范围的限制，是传统金融机构在互联网背景下的一次比较成功的金融创新。地方金融监管机构如何履行职责、防范系统风险，以及对预判金融创新的风险，对维护地方金融稳定具有重要意义。

本文是以集中在广州民间金融街的互联网小贷公司为研究对象，探究当前的监管现状和面临的挑战，并尝试给出一些解决思路。

通过对本文的研究，得出以下结论：其一，地方金融监管落后于实践需要。地方金融机构的规模越来越大，产品也更加多样，然而对应着的是地方金融监管从人员到监管措施并不匹配。随着金融发展稳定委员会以及各地金融监督管理局的陆续揭牌，地方金融监管正在逐步统一之前分散在不同部门的监管职能，逐步完善地方金融监管的顶层制度以及监管的实施细则，来降低可能存在的监管套利空间。其二，广州地区的地方金融监管效果相对良好，通过对辖区互联网小额贷款行业的监管措施及行业运营分析，强监管下的奖惩机制相对缺失，行业发展趋于保守。其三，加强地方金融监管还需要利用信息技术实现突破，完善风险监测平台，优化非现场监管。提高风险预警和提前防范的能力。

关键词：地方金融监管，互联网小额贷款，风险防范

Research on Local Financial Supervision

——A Case Study from Guangzhou Internet Microfinance Industry

Major：Master of Business Administration

Name:

Supervisor:

ABSTRACT

The stability of the financial system is the cornerstone of sustained economic growth and social stability. However, with the deepening and innovation of financial development, financial institutions and financial products tend to be covert, diversified and complex, and thus financial supervision is becoming more and more difficult.

In order to maintain the stability of the financial system, China's financial regulatory system is also constantly changing. Among them, "One Bank, Two Commissions" becomes the form of financial supervision, which realizes vertical supervision from top to bottom, while local financial supervision corresponds to bottom-up financial innovation. Local financial supervision departments shoulder the responsibility of local financial development, but also need to take into account the importance of preventing regional financial risks. Internet microfinance breaks through the limitations of shareholders and business scope, and is a relatively successful financial innovation of traditional financial institutions in the context of the Internet. How local financial regulators perform their duties, guard against systemic risks, and predict the risks of financial innovation are of great significance to maintain local financial stability.

This paper focuses on the Internet micro-loan companies in Guangzhou Civil Financial Street, explores the current regulatory status and challenges, and tries to work out some solutions.

With the study in this paper, the following conclusions are drawn: First, local financial supervision lags behind the practical needs. Local financial institutions are becoming larger and larger, and their products are more diversified. Local financial supervision resources are seriously inadequate. With the inauguration of the Financial Development and Stability Commission and local financial supervision and management bureaus on after another, the local financial supervision is gradually unifying supervisory functions in different departments, which were decentralized before, and gradually improve the top-level system of local financial supervision and the supervisory implementation rules, in order to reduce the possible regulatory arbitrage space. Secondly, the effect of local financial supervision in Guangzhou is relatively good. Through the analysis of supervision measures and operation of Internet micro-loan industry in Guangzhou, the reward and punishment mechanism under strong supervision is relatively absent, and the development of the industry tends to be conservative. Finally, to strengthen local financial supervision, we need to use information technology to achieve breakthroughs, to improve risk monitoring platform and to optimize off-site supervision, and to strengthen the ability of risk early warning and prevention.

Keywords: Local Financial Supervision, Internet microfinance, Risk-prevention