摘 要
汽车转向盘转向力—转向角检测仪（力角仪）是用于测量汽车转向盘操纵力及转动角度的仪器。转向力通过测力机构经传感器转换成电信号进行测量；转向角通过角位移传感器转换成电信号进行测量，也可以通过指针和角度盘的方法进行测量。 简易转向盘自由转动量主要由指针和刻度盘两部分组成。刻度盘和指针分别固定在转向盘轴管和转向盘边缘上。固定方式有机械式和磁力式。
本论文针对方向盘跑偏及转弯车速过高等问题，提出了一种转向测试仪数据采集系统的设计方法。在本设计中，应用旋转电位器进行方向盘角度信号及转弯时路面倾角的检测，应用旋转编码器进行汽车车速的测量，通过Atmega16单片机进行数据的采集和处理，由LED显示方向盘实时角度，并在高速转弯时进行报警。
本设计的硬件部分主要包括信号采集电路设计、ADC转换电路设计、单片机外围电路设计、LED显示电路设计和报警电路设计等。该设计软件部分介绍了AVR单片机的应用软件，对系统的主要流程作了详细介绍，讲述了单片机数据采集、转换和处理的方法。通过硬件与软件的结合，完成了转向测试仪数据采集系统的设计。
关键词：方向转向测试仪；单片机；电位器；光电编码器；LED
Abstract
The steering force of automobile steering wheel is used to measure the steering force and rotation angle of automobile steering wheel. The steering angle is measured by converting the angle displacement sensor into an electrical signal. The free rotation of the steering wheel is mainly composed of two parts: the pointer and the dial. The dial and the pointer are fixed on the shaft tube and the edge of the steering wheel respectively. There are mechanical and magnetic modes.
In this paper, aiming at the problems of steering wheel deviation and high turning speed, a design method of data acquisition system for steering tester is proposed. In this design, rotating potentiometer is used to detect the angle signal of steering wheel and the road inclination angle when turning. The rotary encoder is used to measure the vehicle speed, the data is collected and processed by Atmega16 single chip computer, the real time angle of the steering wheel is displayed by LED, and the alarm is given when turning at high speed.
The hardware part of this design mainly includes signal acquisition circuit design and ADC conversion circuit design, MCU peripheral circuit design, LED display circuit design and alarm circuit design, etc. The application software of AVR single chip microcomputer is introduced in this design software. The main flow chart of the system is introduced in detail, and the method of data acquisition, conversion and processing of single chip microcomputer is described. Through the combination of hardware and software, the design of the data acquisition system of the steering tester is completed.
Key words: direction steering tester; single chip microcomputer; potentiometer; photoelectric encoder LED
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 课题研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外汽车电子的发展动态 2
1.3 论文的主要工作 2
第二章 转向测试仪数据采集系统概述 4
2.1 转向测试仪数据采集系统的设计要求 4
2.2 转向测试仪数据采集系统的设计方案 5
2.3 本设计的特点 9
2.4 本章小结 9
第三章 转向测试仪数据采集系统的原理介绍 11
3.1 检测原理介绍 11
3.2 汽车转弯性能研究 14
3.3 本章小结 17
第四章 转向测试仪数据采集系统硬件设计 18
4.1 系统总体硬件框图 18
4.2 ATmega16单片机介绍 18
4.3 单片机ADC转换原理 19
4.4 检测环节硬件设计 20
4.5 系统的硬件抗干扰技术 25
4.6 本章小结 27
第五章 转向测试仪数据采集系统软件设计 28
5.1 AVR单片机软件开发环境介绍 28
5.2 转向测试仪数据采集系统软件设计 28
5.3 软件抗干扰技术 35
5.4 本章小结 37
第六章 总结与展望 38
6.1 总结 38
6.2 研究展望 38
参考文献 40
致 谢 41
