摘 要
本设计以ESP32单片机为控制核心，致力于打造一个功能全面的远程监控系统。该系统主要用于实时监控高塔液位的变化，确保监控过程的智能化与实时性。通过LCD显示器，系统能够实时展示当前的液位值，使用户能够直观了解液位状态。当液位超过预设的上限或下限时，系统会立即触发报警机制，包括蜂鸣器发出警报声和LED灯闪烁，以提醒操作人员及时采取措施。
在设计过程中，我们根据远程监控系统的主要功能需求，提出了详细的设计方案，并进行了充分的论证。设计方案涵盖了硬件和软件两大部分。硬件部分主要包括单片机最小系统、矩阵键盘模块、无线收发模块、显示模块以及报警模块。其中，单片机选用了宏晶科技公司的ESP32，以其强大的性能和稳定性确保系统的稳定运行。矩阵键盘模块用于输入模拟液位数据值，这些数据将通过无线模块进行传输和处理。1602液晶显示器则用于显示高塔液位信息，并与输入值进行比较，以便操作人员作出判断。报警模块则包括发光二极管和蜂鸣器，用于在异常情况发生时提供及时的报警提示。
软件部分采用了模块化的设计方法，主要包括主程序、无线发射模块子程序、无线接收子程序、按键检测子程序、液晶显示子程序以及报警模块子程序。这种模块化的设计使得系统更加易于调试和维护，同时也提高了系统的可扩展性和灵活性。
在完成软硬件设计后，我们对系统进行了联调测试。测试结果表明，系统能够准确地将模拟液位数据通过nrf24l01无线模块进行传输，并在另一个nrf24l01无线模块上接收并解码显示。当接收到的数值超过1000或小于10时，系统会立即触发蜂鸣器和发光二极管的报警机制，确保操作人员能够及时收到报警信息。
关键词：nrf24l01；单片机；远程传输；显示器
Abstract
This design takes ESP32 MCU as the control core, and is committed to build a fully functional remote monitoring system. The system is mainly used to monitor the change of the high tower liquid level in real time to ensure the intelligence and real-time performance of the monitoring process. Through the LCD display, the system can display the current level value in real time, enabling the user to intuitively understand the level status. When the liquid level exceeds the preset upper or lower limit, the system immediately triggers the alarm mechanism, including the buzzer and flashing LED light to remind the operator to take timely action.
In the design process, we propose the detailed design scheme according to the main functional requirements of the remote monitoring system, and fully demonstrated it fully. The design scheme covers both the hardware and the software parts. The hardware part mainly includes the microcontroller minimum system, matrix keyboard module, wireless transceiver module, display module and alarm module. Among them, the single-chip microcomputer selects the ESP32 of Hongjing Technology Company, to ensure the stable operation of the system with its strong performance and stability. The matrix Keyboard module is used to input analog level data values, which will be transmitted and processed through the wireless module. The 1602 LCD display is used to display the high tower liquid level information and compare it with the input value for the operator to make a judgment. The alarm module includes a light-emitting diode and a buzzer to provide prompt alarm prompts when abnormal situations occur.
The software part adopts a modular design method, mainly including master, wireless transmitter module, wireless reception program, key detection, LCD display and alarm module. This modular design makes the system easier to debug and maintain, while also improving its scalability and flexibility.
After completing the hardware and software design, we conducted a joint adjustment test on the system. The test results show that the system can accurately transmit the simulated liquid level data through the nrf24l01 wireless module, and receive and decode it on another nrf24l01 wireless module. When the received value exceeds 1000 or less than 10, the system will immediately trigger the alarm mechanism of the buzzer and light emitting diode, ensuring that the operator can receive the alarm information in time.
Key words: nrf24l01; single-chip microcomputer; remote transmission; monitor
目 录
1概述
1.1 课题研究背景与意义
1.2 课题设计内容
2方案设计选择
2.1单片机选择
2.1无线装置选择
2.2显示模块选择
2.4总体方案
3硬件电路设计
3.1最小系统模块
3.2矩阵键盘电路设计
3.3无线收发电路设计
3.3.1 nrf24l01概述
3.3.2引脚功能及描述
3.3.3工作模式
3.3.4工作原理
3.3.5配置字
3.4 LCD显示模块
4软件系统设计
4.1总流程图设计
4.2矩阵键盘电路软件设计
4.3无线发射模块软件设计
4.4无线接收模块软件设计
4.5 LCD1602显示器软件设计
4.6蜂鸣器报警电路
5系统的调试及实验结果
5.1 调试步骤
5.2实验结果
结 论
参考文献
致 谢
附 录
附录1：发送电路部分程序
附录2：
发送电路电路图：
接收部分电路图：
附录3：元器件清单
