基于PLC的棒料自动上料车削加工装置设计
摘 要
针对某企业长棒料手工上料存在自动化程度低，工人劳动强度大等一系列缺陷，设计了一种长棒料车削加工自动上料系统，实现了待加工棒料从上料装置中分离出来后，定向地输送至数控车床的指定位置加工，待加工完成后自动输出，并掉换方向对另一头再次进行加工的上料动作。
本次设计的四自由度自动上下料机构根据规定的动作顺序，综合运用所学的基本理论、基本知识和相关的机械设计专业知识，完成对车削加工装置的设计，并绘制必要装配图、液压系统图。车削加工装置的机械结构采用油缸、螺杆、导向筒等机械器件组成；在液压传动机构中，车削加工装置的手臂伸缩采用伸缩油缸，手腕回转采用回转油缸，立柱的转动采用齿条油缸，车削加工装置的升降采用升降油缸，立柱的横移采用横向移动油缸；通过控制电磁阀的开关来控制车削加工装置进行相应的动作循环，当按下连续停止按钮后，自动上料车削加工装置在完成一个动作循环后停止运动。
设计采用STEP7控制器和触摸屏为主要硬件，设计一种基于PLC的自动下料装置，设计了系统框架，软件系统和人机界面。本文所设计的冲压机下料装置控制系统可以有效提高冲压机的自动化水平，为解决冲压工艺中的上下料问题提供了思路。
关键词：棒料加工；上下料；车削装置；机械手：PLC
Design of Automatic Feeding Turning Machining Device Based on PLC Bar
ABSTRACT
Aiming at a series of defects such as low automation and high labor intensity, an automatic feeding system for long bar material machining is designed. Directional delivery to the specified position of the CNC lathe, automatic output after processing, and change direction to the other end of the feeding action.
The four-degree-of-freedom automatic loading and unloading mechanism of this design, according to the prescribed action sequence, synthetically applies the basic theory, basic knowledge and relevant mechanical design professional knowledge, completes the design of the turning processing device, and draws the necessary assembly drawing and hydraulic system drawing. The mechanical structure of the turning device is composed of oil cylinder, screw, guide cylinder and other mechanical devices. In the hydraulic transmission mechanism, the arm of the turning device is telescopic cylinder, the wrist rotation is rotary cylinder, the column rotation is rack cylinder, the turning device is lifting cylinder, the column is moving cylinder.
The main hardware is STEP7 controller and touch screen. A PLC-based automatic blanking device is designed. The system frame, software system and man-machine interface are designed. The control system of blanking device of stamping machine designed in this paper can effectively improve the automation level of stamping machine and provide ideas for solving the problem of loading and unloading in stamping process.
Key words: Bar processing;Loading and unloading; Turning device; Manipulator: PLC
