摘要

一氯化苯是化工生产中一种重要的基本原料，目前工业上主要以液相法和气相法生产一氯化苯，本次设计采用连续液相法，该反应过程为气液相反应，反应过程涉及气液两相，关于反应器的计算问题不易解决。故本次设计以流体动力学模型和数学模型为基础，考虑传热与传质问题，进行设计计算。由于此过程涉及了非线性方程组的数学计算问题。因此本设计采用MATLAB编程中的fsolve语言模拟计算了连续搅拌釜式反应器的有效容积，同时对反应器的筒体高度、筒体直径、夹套高度及直径、传热面积等进行了工艺尺寸计算，使产品达到45%的要求转化率。并在此基础上进行产品精馏，选择合适精馏塔进行工艺设计，以达到99.8%的纯度要求，由于精馏塔塔板计算较为复杂，本次设计结合Origin绘图软件采用图解法求解塔板数，同时根据选取的塔板间距进行工艺尺寸计算及流体力学验算等内容。本次设计完成了一氯化苯的基本生产工艺流程并绘制了连续搅拌釜式反应器与筛板式精馏塔的工艺条件图及设备布置图。

关键词：流体动力学模型；数学模型；MATLAB；Origin

Abstract

A chlorinated benzene is not only a kind of important basic chemical raw materials, mainly on the industry at present in the liquid phase method, gas phase method to produce a chlorinated benzene, this design USES the continuous liquid phase method, the reaction process of gas liquid phase reaction and reaction process involves the gas-liquid two phase, calculation problem of the reactor is not easy to solve.Therefore, the design is based on fluid dynamics model and mathematical model, considering heat transfer and mass transfer problem, and design calculation.This process involves the mathematical calculation of nonlinear equations.So this design adopts the fsolve in the language of MATLAB simulation to calculate the effective volume of the continuous stirred tank reactor, at the same time of the reactor shell height, clamp cylinder diameter, height and diameter, the heat transfer area of process dimension calculation, make products to meet the requirements of 45% conversion rate.And distillation, product selection is made on the basis of the appropriate column for process design, to meet the requirements of the purity of 99.8%, because of the rectifying tower plate calculation is more complicated, the design combined with Origin drawing software USES graphic method to solve the plate number, at the same time, according to the selected plate spacing process dimension calculation and fluid mechanics calculation, etc.This design completed a basic production process of chlorinated benzene and draw the continuous stirred tank reactor and sieve plate column process conditions and equipment layout.

Keywords: fluid dynamics model;Mathematical model;MATLAB;Origin