摘 要
曲轴及平衡块是发动机上的一个重要的旋转机件，装上连杆后，可承接活塞的上下(往复)运动变成循环运动。曲轴及平衡块主要有两个重要加工部位：主轴颈和连杆颈。主轴颈被安装在缸体上，连杆颈与连杆大头孔连接，连杆小头孔与汽缸活塞连接，是一个典型的曲柄滑块机构。发动机工作过程就是：活塞经过混合压缩气的燃爆，推动活塞做直线运动，并通过连杆将力传给曲轴及平衡块，由曲轴及平衡块将直线运动转变为旋转运动。而曲轴及平衡块加工的好坏将直接影响着发动机整体性能的表现。
在零部件设计过程中，首先要了解其工作情况以及对零件的要求并做出相应的分析，接着再根据内燃机的整体设计指标及工厂生产条件和环境选择适当的材料，并且采取适当的措施用以满足所提出的要求。然后，决定出零件的主要尺寸，并进行相应的强度、刚度等方面的校核计算。最后，应用CAD、UG等软件建立相应的几何模型。
关键词：曲轴及平衡块；平衡块；曲柄；连杆
Abstract
Crankshaft is an important rotating parts on the engine, mounted on the connecting rod, can take up and down the piston (reciprocating) movement into a circular motion. Crankshaft has two important processing parts: the main journal and connecting rod neck. The main journal is mounted on the cylinder, and the connecting rod is connected to the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is connected with the cylinder piston and is a typical crank slider mechanism. The working process of the engine is: the piston through the mixed compressed air burst, to promote the piston to do linear motion, and through the connecting rod will be passed to the crankshaft, the crankshaft will be linear motion into rotary motion. The crankshaft machining will directly affect the overall performance of the engine performance.
In the process of component design, we must first understand its work and the requirements of the parts and make the appropriate analysis, and then according to the overall design of the internal combustion engine and plant production conditions and the environment to select the appropriate materials, and take appropriate measures To meet the requirements. Then, determine the main dimensions of the parts, and the corresponding strength, stiffness and other aspects of the calibration calculation. Finally, the application of CAD, UG and other software to establish the corresponding geometric model.
Key words: crankshaft; balance block; crank; connecting rod
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