摘 要
脱丙烷是石油化工的原料之一,在原油加工中具有重要作用。由裂解气净化与分离工段的脱丙烷塔分离出的脱丙烷除了用于生产聚脱丙烷外,还大量地作为生产脱丙烷腈,丁醇,辛醇,环氧丙烷,异丙醇等产品的主要原料。为了更好的提高生产能力,本着投资少,能耗低,效益高的想法,本设计根据设计任务书中确定的生产任务进行的,年产9.8万吨异丙醇,开工周期为8000小时/年,原料组成为乙烷、脱丙烷、丙烷、异丁烷,其中脱丙烷含量为74.1%,按其各组分的沸点和相对挥发度的不同使各组分分离。
由于对脱丙烷纯度要求极高,本文设计的精馏塔塔板数较多,脱丙烷塔较高。最后以优化后的精馏塔结果为基础,确定了该塔的设备参数,塔径,浮阀塔盘,塔高,热负荷,从而设计了塔底再沸器,塔顶冷凝器以及塔体主要设备。流程简单,投资较少,操作较为简单,基本可以满足脱丙烷优等品的工业生产。
本设计采用多组分精馏,按挥发度递减流程方案,两塔流程设计即先经过脱乙烷塔塔顶分离出乙烷,再由脱丙烷塔精馏塔塔顶得到脱丙烷,其纯度为93.5%以上,脱丙烷作为产品出装置为生产异丙醇提供原料,塔底的丙烷可作为商品出售或作为烧火油。
设塔设备一般分为级间接触式和连续接触式两大类。前者的代表是板式塔,后者的代表则为填料塔,在各种塔型中,当前应用最广泛的是筛板塔与浮阀塔。
设计时依次进行了物料衡算,热量衡算,塔结构的相关工艺计算,换热设备的计算及附属设备的选型,并根据设计数据分别绘制了自控流程图,设备选型方面主要按照现场实际,并兼顾工艺控制要求与经济的合理性。
随着先进控制技术的兴起,关键控制指标由定值控制向区间控制转变,调节变量与控制变量的关系由单对单向多变量预估控制转变。它是装置控制技术发展的方向,正在逐步普及。为了为装置以后上先进控制提供方便,我们在设计时,注意为塔顶温度,塔底温度,回流量等指标保留较大的操作弹性。
关键词:脱丙烷;脱乙烷塔;热量衡算;物料衡算;脱丙烷塔。
Abstract
Propylene is one of raw materials for Petrochemical industry,it occupies an important place in the processing of crude oil. Rectifying column purified and seprated pyrolysis gas to get propylene that largely uses to product principal raw material of the acrylonitrile, butyl alcohol, octyl alcohol, propylene epoxide and isopropanol.In order to improve production capacity with low investment and power,high benifit,Title I design production capacity is 98,000 tons annual output of isopropyl alcohol, started a period of 8,000 hours / year, material composition of ethane, propylene, propane, butane, propylene is 74.1% in material, boiling point of each component and its relative volatility differences of degree of separation of each component. Due to high propylene purity requirement, this paper design the column plate number is more, the propylene tower is higher. Finally based on the results of optimized distillation, determined the equipment parameters of the tower, tower diameter, float valve tray, high tower, heat load, so as to design the bottom reboiler, the overhead condenser and tower body of the main equipment. Simple process, less investment, the operation is relatively simple, basic can satisfy the industrial production of propylene classy article.
The design uses a multi-component distillation, the process by decreasing volatility program, process design the two towers that is, first isolated by de-ethane ethane tower, tower distillation top separated from the ethane , top of the propylene tower geit that propylene, the purity of 93.5%, and propylene as the product of a device to provide raw materials production and isopropanol, the bottom of the propane can be sold as a commodity or as fires, oil.
A tower equipment generally divided into two types: contact and continuous contact between level. Is the former representative of the plate column, the latter represents the packed tower, in all kinds of tower, currently the most widely used is the sieve plate tower and float valve tower.
In turn the design of the material balance, heat balance, the tower structure of the relevant process calculation, the calculation of heat transfer equipment and ancillary equipment selection, and the data were plotted according to the design automation flow, selection of equipment in accordance with terms of the main site practical, taking into account the requirements of process control and economic rationality.
With the rise of advanced control technology, the key control target range from the control value control to change, adjust the relationship between variables and control variables by a single pair of one-way transformation of multivariable predictive control. It is the device controlling the direction of technology development, is gradually spread. In order for the device to facilitate future advanced control, we design, attention to tower top temperature, the bottom of the column temperature and flow indicators are back to keep a large operation flexibility.
Key words: propylene ,de-ethane tower, heat balance, material balance, propylene distillation column.
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 概述 1
1.1我国化工工艺发展 1
1.2脱丙烷的性质及用途 1
1.3脱丙烷的来源及脱丙烷生产在化工生产中的地位 1
1.4 脱丙烷精制生产方法的确定 2
1.5 脱丙烷精制工艺流程的叙述 2
1.6脱丙烷的发展前景 3
1. 7 脱丙烷生产新技术现状及发展趋势 3
2 脱丙烷精制装置的物料衡算 4
2.1确定关键组分 4
2.2脱乙烷塔的物料衡算 4
2.2.1 脱乙烷塔的进料量及进料组成 4
2.2.2 脱乙烷塔塔顶及塔底的流量及组成 5
2.2.3 脱乙烷塔的物料平衡 6
2.3 脱丙烷塔的物料衡算 6
2.3.1 脱丙烷塔的进料量及进料组成 6
2.3.2 脱丙烷塔塔顶及塔底的流量及组成 7
2.3.3 脱丙烷塔的物料平衡 8
3 脱乙烷塔和脱丙烷塔精制工艺条件的确定 9
3.1脱乙烷工艺条件的确定 9
3.1.1操作压力的确定 9
3.1.2 回流温度的确定 10
3.1.3塔顶温度的计算 10
3.1.4 塔底温度的计算 11
3.1.5 进料温度的计算 12
3.1.6 脱乙烷塔操作条件汇总 12
3.2脱丙烷塔工艺条件的确定 13
3.2.1 操作压力的确定 13
3.2.2 塔顶温度的计算 14
3.2.3 塔底温度的计算 14
3.2.4 进料温度的计算 14
3.2.5 脱丙烷塔操作条件汇总 15
4 脱乙烷塔和脱丙烷塔塔板数的确定 16
4.1 脱乙烷塔塔板数的计算 16
4.1.1 最小回流比的计算 16
4.1.2 最少理论塔板数的计算 17
4.1.3 理论塔板数和实际回流比的确定 18
4.1.4 实际塔板数的确定 18
4.1.5 实际进料位置的确定 19
4.1.6 脱乙烷塔塔板数计算结果汇总 20
4.2 脱丙烷塔塔板数的计算 20
4.2.1 最小回流比的计算 20
4.2.2 最少理论塔板数的计算 22
4.2.3 理论塔板数和实际回流比的确定 22
4.2.4 实际塔板数的确定 23
4.2.5 进料位置的确定 23
4.2.6 脱丙烷塔塔板数计算结果汇总 24
5 热量衡算 25
5.1 脱乙烷塔热量衡算 25
5.1.1 脱乙烷塔再沸器热负荷的计算 25
5.1.2 脱乙烷塔冷凝器热负荷的计算 27
5.2脱丙烷塔的热量衡算 28
5.2.1再沸器热负荷的范围 28
5.2.2 脱丙烷塔冷凝器热负荷的计算 30
结 论 1
参考文献 2
谢 辞 3