摘要
本次汽车减速器的设计,主要目的是检验大学四年的学习成果以及为将来的工作打下坚实的基础。文中阐述了减速器的功用与设计要求,对该减速器进行了了大量的调查研究,并进行了初步的方案论证,根据设计要求决定选用了三轴式四档减速器,中间轴采用固定式,倒档的换档方式采用倒档轴上滑动齿轮换档,其他档位采用同步器换档,根据汽车的要求,操纵机构选用远距离操纵。说明并论证了减速器主要参数的确定,齿轮几何参数的计算、列表、齿轮材料的选择、齿轮的强度计算、强度校核,轴的设计及强度刚度校核,轴的材料选择,轴承的选择,花键的选择和校核。并简单介绍了减速器的拆装顺序,以及对本次设计做出总结。整个毕业设计历时两个多月,在老师的悉心指导和同学的热心帮助下得以顺利完成。最后感谢在毕业设计期间给予我帮助的老师和同学。
关键词:汽车,减速器,设计,三轴式,倒档轴
ABSTRACT
The design of this light truck transmission, the main purpose is to test the results of four years of study in the university and lay a solid foundation for the future work.This design explained the function of the transmission and design requirements, had the transmission a large number of surveys and studies, and conducted a preliminary studies program. According to the design requirement to choose a three-axis 4th speed transmission and the fixed middle shaft, the reverse stall used to shift the gear on the reverse gear shaft, the other stalls used Synchronizer shift, according to the design requirements of the light truck,the manipulation agencies use remote control. Noted and demonstrated that the transmission parameters, the calculations and the list of gear geometry parameters,the gear material selection,gear strength and strength check, the design of the shaft and stiffness and strength check,shaft material selection, bearing selection,spline options and check.And briefly introduce the transmission disassembly sequence, as well as a summary of this design.The whole graduation design lasts three months, and it is completed under the teacher's leading and the help of the classmate smoothly. Finally thanks to the teachers and classmates who give me much help during the graduation design.
This design, includes 4.5 No.0 diagram papers by computer and manual drawing, translating a foreign information, preparing five MATLAB Programming Language, and edit a manual.
Keyword: light truck, transmission, design, three-axis, the reverse gear shaft
目录
前言……………………………………………………………………………………1
第一章 减速器的功用和要求………………………………………………………3
第二章 减速器的方案论证…………………………………………………………4
第一节 减速器类型选择及传动方案设计 ……………………………………4
结构工艺性……………………………………………………………4
减速器的径向尺寸……………………………………………………4
减速器的齿轮寿命……………………………………………………4
减速器的传动效率……………………………………………………4
第二节 减速器传动机构的分析 ………………………………………………5
换档结构形式的选择…………………………………………………5
倒档的形式和布置方案………………………………………………5
第三节 减速器操纵机构方案分析 ……………………………………………7
减速器操纵机构的功用………………………………………………7
设计减速器操纵机构时,应该满足的基本要求……………………7
换档位置………………………………………………………………7
第四节 减速器传动方案的设计……………………………………………… 7
一、整车总布置 …………………………………………………………7
二、驾驶员的使用习惯 …………………………………………………7
三、提高平均传动效率 …………………………………………………8
四、改善齿轮受载情况 ……………………………………………………8
第三章 减速器设计计算 …………………………………………………………10
第一节 减速器主要参数的选择 …………………………………………… 10
轴的直径……………………………………………………………10
传动比的选择………………………………………………………10
中心距A ………………………………………………………11
齿轮参数的选择 …………………………………………………11
五、齿轮的强度校核 …………………………………………………19
第二节 减速器轴的设计计算 ………………………………………………21
轴的功用和设计要求 ……………………………………………21
轴的尺寸初选 …………………………………………………21
轴的结构形状 ……………………………………………………22
轴的受力分析 ……………………………………………………23
轴的强度计算及校核 ……………………………………………24
轴的刚度计算及校核 ……………………………………………28
七、轴上花键的设计计算 ……………………………………………29
第三节 减速器轴承的选择…………………………………………………30
几种轴承的特点 …………………………………………………30
类型的选择 ………………………………………………………30
三、 轴承的计算 ……………………………………………………31
第四节 减速器同步器的设计 ……………………………………………38
同步器类型的选择 ………………………………………………38
同步器的工作原理 ………………………………………………38
主要参数的选择 ………………………………………………38
四、花键的校核 ……………………………………………………40
第四章 减速器的拆装顺序 …………………………………………………42
致谢 ……………………………………………………………………………… 44
参考文献 …………………………………………………………………………45
附录 程序和结果…………………………………………………………………46