本科生毕业(设计)论文
逐点比较法插补的连续轨迹控制设计
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摘 要
逐点比较法插补的连续轨迹控制设计其中的算法是轮廓插补当中算法之一.
所谓逐点比较插补,就是刀具或绘图笔每走一步都要和给点轨迹上的坐标值进行比较,看这点在给点轨迹的上方还是下方,从而决定下一步的进给方向。对于本设计所要求的直线轨迹,如果该点在直线的上方,则控制步进电机向+X方向进给一步,如果该点在直线的下方,那么控制步进电机向+Y轴方向进给一步。如此,走一步、看一看,比较一次,决定下一步的走向,以便逼近给定轨迹,即形成逐点比较插补。插补计算时,每走一步,都要进行以下四个步骤的计算过程,即偏差判别、坐标进给、偏差计算、终点判断。设计具体算法时,首先根据直线轨迹参数,计算出偏差计算公式及递推公式。由程序判断出偏差的正负号,从而决定坐标的进给方向,再根据递推公式计算出坐标进给后的偏差,若未到达终点,则返回偏差判别,如此循环。可以根据起点和终点的坐标位置,计算出总的进给步数Nxy,X或Y的坐标每进给一步,这个值就减一,若Nxy=0,就到达了终点,这就是终点判别的方法。
本文通过VB进行开发,对数控插补算法仿真软件进行了介绍,该软件本身就可以实现四象限直线、顺圆和逆圆的插补轨迹的仿真,通过学习研究可以让数控技术学习者清楚的明白数控机床插补模块的作用,而且可以为数控系统插补软件的开发提供各种参考.
关键词:比较法; 插补; 连续轨迹控制; VB; 数控技术
Abstract By-point comparison of continuous path control interpolation algorithm which is designed to contour interpolation algorithm which one.
The so-called interpolation-by-point comparison, is the tool or pen, and every step on the path to the point coordinate values compared to see which point to point in the track above or below, to determine the next step of the feed direction. The design requirements for the straight path, if the point in the line above, the control of the stepper motor to the + X direction of the feed step, if the point on the line below, then control the stepper motor to the + Y-axis feed step. So, step, look at, more time to decide the next step toward, in order to approximate a given trajectory, that is, the formation of by-point comparison of interpolation. Interpolation calculations, every step must be calculated the following four-step process, that bias discrimination, coordinate feeding, deviation calculation, to determine the end point. The design of specific algorithms, the first straight line trajectory parameters, calculate the deviation formula and recursive formula. Procedure to determine the deviation from the sign, to determine the coordinates of the feed direction, and then recursive formula to calculate the coordinates according to the feed after the deviation, if not to reach the terminal, it returns error identification, and so on. Can start and end coordinates, calculate the total number of feed steps Nxy, X or Y coordinates of each feed step, the value minus one, if Nxy = 0, to arrive in the end, this is the end of discrimination of method.
In this paper, VB for development of numerical simulation software interpolation algorithms were introduced, the software itself can achieve four-quadrant linear, circular and inverse circular smooth interpolation trajectory simulation, through study and research can make learners aware of CNC technology understand the role of CNC interpolation module, and interpolation for numerical control system software development to provide a variety of reference.
Keywords: comparative law; interpolation; continuous path control; VB; CNC technology
目 录
摘 要 2
Abstract 3
第1章 引言 6
1.1 背景及意义 6
1.2 本论文的选题依据和研究内容 6
第2章 总体方案的确定 7
2.1 各多种方案的特点 7
2.2 方案选择 7
2.3 CNC系统原理图 7
2.4原理图极其说明 8
第3章 逐点比较法直线插补原理 9
3.1 逐点比较法圆弧插补原理 9
3.2 圆弧插补的运算过程 11
3.3 节拍控制和运算程序的流程图 11
3.4 圆弧插补的象限处理与坐标交换 12
3.4.1圆弧插补的象限处理 12
3.4.2圆弧自动过象限 13
第4章 硬件设计 14
4.1 接口示意图 14
4.2 方案论证 15
4.3 单片机与8255的接口 16
4.4 硬件接线原理图 16
4.5 元件清单 18
第5章 软件结构设计 19
5.1 逐点比较法圆弧插补的程序设计方案 20
5.1.1直线插补原理 21
5.1.2 步进电机工作原理 22
5.2 程序实现方法 23
5.3 程序界面设计 24
5.4 程序代码设计 25
第6章 运行调试 26
6.1 系统安装调试 27
6.2 结果验证 28
第7章 总 结 29
参考文献 30
致 谢 31
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