目录
年产9万吨液态奶的生产车间设计
第一章绪论
1 .1企业概况
1.2立项依据和意义
1 .2. 1立项依据
1.2.2项目投资必要性和经济意义
1.2.2.3乳品行业处于成长期
1 .2. 3可行性分析
1. 3市场需求预测
1. 3. 1国内外需求情况
1. 3. 1. 2国际乳品业的发展特点
1. 3. 1. 3国家产业政策积极支持乳品业发展
1.3.2国内乳品加工情况
1. 3. 2. 1全国乳业发展水平
1.3.2.2乳品加工业现状
1.3.2.3乳制品消费
1.3.2.4乳品企业情况分析
1.3.2.5外资乳品企业在中国
1.3.3市场需求
1.3.4竞争情况
第二章工艺流程确定及论证
2. 1产品和产量确定
2. 2工艺流程确定
2. 2. 1纯牛乳工艺流程
2. 2乳酸菌饮料工艺流程
2. 3. 1原料乳的要求及检验
2. 3. 1. 1原料乳理化指标检测
(1)采用健康母牛挤出的新鲜天然乳汁;
(3)不得含有肉眼可见的机械杂质;
(5)为均匀无沉淀的流体,呈浓厚粘性者不得使用;
(7)酸度不超过20 T
(9)不得使用任何化学物质和防腐剂;
2. 3. 1. 2原料乳的抗菌素检测
2. 3. 2原料乳的净化
2. 3. 3原料乳的冷却
2. 3. 5原料乳的标准化
2. 3. 6预热杀菌
2. 3. 7均质
2. 3. 8杀菌
2. 3. 8. 1纯牛乳超高温瞬时灭菌工艺
(1)超高温瞬时灭菌介绍
(2)超高温瞬时灭菌条件
2. 3. 8. 2乳酸菌饮料杀菌工艺
2. 3. 9发酵剂的扩培生产
(1)乳酸菌的生长可分为四个阶段:
(2)制备工作发酵剂的方法:
2. 3. 10接种发酵
2. 3. 1 1乳酸菌饮料辅料的配制
2. 3. 12乳酸菌饮料调配
2. 3. 13乳酸菌饮料杀菌、灌装
2. 3. 14纯牛乳灌装、入库
2. 4小结
第三章厂区平面设计
3. 1选址
3. 2总平面设计方案
(8)更衣室、卫生间:供车间工人使用。
(10)配电室:提供生产用电。
(2)全建筑采用南北朝向,有利于采光和通风。
3. 5车间平面设计说明
3. 6小结
4. 1原料乳及成品乳的成分要求
4. 1 .1原料乳成分要求及评级
(1)原料乳成分要求:
(2)评级:
(2)成品标准:
(3)稀乳油及脱脂乳成分之假定:
(8)每吨原乳配成标准乳所需脱脂乳量G:
4.2.2在原乳中添加乳脂肪配成标准乳
(1)原乳成分:
(2)成品标准:
(3)稀乳油成分之假定:
(4)每吨中原乳应添加之稀乳油量(含脂40%) K40:
(5)标准乳成分(脂肪含量F标,非脂乳固体含量SNF标):
4. 3车间物料平衡计算
4. 3. 1利乐枕生产线
4. 4小结
第五章热量衡算
5. 1热交换设备传热过程
5. 2热量衡算过程说明
5. 2. 1热量衡算
5.2.3平均温度差
5. 2. 3. 1恒温传热时的平均温差
5. 2. 3. 2变温传热下的平均温差
5. 3热交换设备类型确定
5. 4原料乳冷却阶段热量计算
5. 5预热·均质、超高温灭菌阶段热量计算
(4)用热水将将121℃的浓缩乳加热到1350C;
5. 6小结
第六章主要设备选型
6. 1选择设备的原则
6. 2设备选型
6. 3. 1冷库
6. 3. 1. 1遵循规范
6. 3. 1. 2依据参数
6. 3. 1. 3库体说明
(1)由于冷库在建筑物内部一楼,采用钢混结构;
6. 3. 1. 4制冷系统说明
6. 3. 1. 5总装机容量
6.3.2原辅材料库
(1)低温库:用于贮藏一些需冷冻的原料。
(3)成品库:用于贮藏成品。
6.3.3化验室
第七章车间水、电、汽估算及管路选径
7. 1水、电、汽估算
7.1.1水估算
7. 1. 2电估算
(1)水处理系统耗电量:P1=30kW
(5)灌装机耗电量:P5 = 80kW
7. 1水、电、汽估算
7.1.1水估算
7. 1. 2电估算
(1)水处理系统耗电量:P1=30kW
(5)灌装机耗电量:P5 = 80kW
(5)灌装机耗汽量:G5 = 56kg/h
7. 2管路的选径
7. 2. 1自来水管直径的计算
7. 2. 2冰水管直径的计算
7. 2. 3蒸汽管直径的计算
7. 2. 4清洗管路直径的计算
7. 3管路安装
7. 4小结
第八章组织管理、劳动定员与人员培训
8. 1组织管理
8. 2劳动定员
8. 3人员培训
8. 3. 1人员素质
8. 3. 2人员培训
8. 3. 2. 1乳品加工厂技术人员
(1)班组长培训
(2)全厂培训
8. 3. 2. 2养殖基地技术人员和农户的培训
8. 4小结
第九章环境影响分析及废水处理
9. 1环境影响
9.1.1环境保护规划的意义及依据
9. 1 .2主要措施
(1)自来水冲洗至变清为止;
(3)用自来水洗掉附着的残留碱液;
9. 2污水处理
9. 2. 1厌氧发酵技术
9. 2. 1. 1折流式厌氧反应器
9. 2. 1. 2完全混和式厌氧接触工艺
9. 2. 1. 3 UASB反应器
9.2.2好氧生物处理技术
9. 2. 2. 1曝气生物滤池
9.2.2.2一体化膜生物反应器
9.2.2.3传统的好氧生物处理技术
9. 2. 2. 4自然生物处理利用技术
9.2.2.5资源化技术
9.2.3本项目所采用的污水处理方法
9. 3小结
10. 1投资指标
10.1.1用于建筑工程的各项费用(K, )
10. 1. 2用于购置各种设备、工具和器具的费用(K2 )
(1)国产设备:798万元
(3)利乐枕灌装系统:700 X 6=4200万元
10. 2年经营费用的计算
10. 2. 1折旧费和大修费
10.2.2原材料、燃料消耗费用
(1)原材料总消耗20480万元(财务部计算)
10. 3利润、利润率、投资回收期计算
10. 3. 1利润
则年利润一销售总收入一生产总成本一财务费用一销售费用
10.3.2利润率
(1)资产利润率
(2)销售利润率
10.3.3投资回收期
10. 4盈亏平衡点
10. 4. 1生产盈亏平衡点
10. 4. 2产量盈亏平衡点}o
10. 5经营安全率(}l)分析
几一年利润一(年利润+年固定费用)
10. 6小结
(1)该项目生产总投资为7928万元;
致谢
参考文献
附件1、维维济南乳品厂设备平面布置图
附件2、维维济南乳品厂主公用管道图
附件3、维维济南乳品厂工艺流程图
附件4、维维济南乳品厂工艺方块图
摘要
本论文进行了年产量9万吨济南维维乳业公司车间的设计。制定产品方案,设计工艺,
进行车间平面设计,对乳制品加工过程中物料平衡、热量平衡进行计算,设备选型,水电
汽平衡,劳动力平衡,设定企业管理组织架构,实施环境保护规划并进行污水处理,对投
资成本、利润、盈亏平衡点等进行估算。
济南维维乳业公司在产品选择上,重点确定中性液态乳和各种类型乳酸菌饮料为主;
根据纯牛奶和乳酸菌饮料的特点和货架期要求,分别采用UHT和高温短时杀菌工艺。
本工厂选址于济南东部遥墙工业区,环境优美,交通便捷;厂区总体设计合理,尤其
在车间设计中,将主生产车间置于厂房中部,各辅助设施分布于主车间四周,使整厂设计
紧凑,同时最大限度降低管道、物料输送距离,节约能源。
根据原料乳组成特点和不同产品特点进行物料衡算,并考虑到不同包装形式之间的差
异;分别选择板式和管式热交换器作为热交换设备,对原料乳冷却阶段和乳制品预热、均
质、超高温灭菌等加工阶段进行热量衡算,其热回收百分率达56. 41 % o
综合考虑了生产工艺和经济技术等因素,对不同工段的生产设备进行选型;设计冷库、
原辅材料库、化验室和研发室等辅助设施,对乳制品生产进行全程监控,确保乳制品安全
性和质量稳定性。
依据本厂的生产实际需要,对水、电、汽的使用量进行估算,确定它们最大用量依次
为49t/h, 400kW, 2383kg/h;对不同管路直径进行计算,确定自来水、冰水、蒸汽、清洗
管径依次为DN100, DN76, DN125, DN80o
采用“公司+基地+农户”的经营管理模式对工厂生产进行组织和管理;合理劳动定
员,实行三班制连续生产。
济南维维乳业公司从企业可持续发展战略出发,注重保护环境,采用厌氧消化法进
行污水处理。
生产总投资为7928万元,年利润可达2710. 35万元,产量盈亏平衡点为11620吨,
为设计能力的11. 67%,经营安全率高达55. 11%,投资回收期3年左右。
关键词:乳制品工厂设计生产工艺济南维维乳业公司
Abstract
A plant of Jinan Wei Wei Dairy Company with annual output of 90,000 tons was designed.
The design includes product project making, technique design, shop-floor diagram, material and
calories balance in the process of dairy, device selection, water-electricity-steam balance, labor
balance, organizational control chart, environmental protection programming and dirty water
processing, investment cost, profits, wax and wane balance point evaluation.
In the product selection, Jinan Wei Wei Dairy Company considered the neutral milk and
various type lactobacillus beverages as their major product. According to the characteristics and
shelf of the pure milk and the lactobacillus beverage, UHT and the high temperature with short
time sterilization was applied respectively.
This factory address was chosen in the Jinan south Yaoqiang industry area with beautiful
environment and convenience transportation. The whole design of the plant was rational,
especially in the shop design, the main part was in the workshop central while other assistance
establishments around the main workshop, then the whole factory design was packed tightly, at
the same time it infinitely reduced the distance of the piping and material transportation,
economized obviously energy sources.
On the basis of the characteristics of the raw milk and different product, the material
calculation was carried out with the difference of dissimilar packing was considered. The plank
and tube type heat exchanger was choosed respectively as the heat exchanger equipments. The
calories calculation was carried out in the different phase of cooling off, preparing heat,
homogenizing and UHT sterilizing the raw milk, and its heat recycle percentage amounts to
56.41%.
The production equipments were selected in the different phase as the economy and
technique and the production craft was took into account roundly. In order to control the whole
product process and make sure the dairy safety and quantity stabilities, the assistance facilities of
refrigeratory base, material base, assay room and research and development room was designed.
According to the production demand of the plant, the usage amount of the water, electricity,
vapor was estimated, their biggest dosage was 49 t/h, 400 kW, 2383kg/h respective. The diameter
of the different pipeline was calculated, the running water, ice water, steam and cleaning pipeline
was DN100, DN76, DN125, DN80, respective.
A new management mode of "company+base+peasant household" was adopted to carry out
the factory organization and managements. The labor plan was very reasonable, and the three
classes system was applied to continue the production.
Jinan Wei Wei Dairy Company can keep on the developing strategy to protect the
environment, the anaerobic assimilation method was used to deal with the dirty water.
In this design, the total investment was 79,280,000 RMB, the year profits amount to
27,103,500 RMB, the wax and wane balance point was 11620 tons which was only 11.67% of
the design ,the conducting safety percentage was up to 55.11%, and the investment recycle
period was expected about 3 years.
Keywords:dairy, plant design, production craft Jinan Wei Wei Dairy Company














