基于PLC的变速恒频风电控制系统设计

摘   要

风力发电系统作为可再生能源的重要组成部分，其核心在于利用风能驱动风叶旋转，进而带动发电机进行发电。然而，由于自然风的风向和风速具有不稳定性，这导致发电机的转速也随之波动，影响了发电的稳定性和效率。为了解决这一问题，本研究设计了一种基于可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）的变速恒频风电控制系统，并引入了PID控制算法，通过对发电机转速的精确控制，实现了风能的稳定转换和高效发电。

在系统设计过程中，我们选用了西门子S7-1200 CPU 1214C AC/DC/Rly作为核心控制器，固件版本为4.2。通过博途软件的硬件组态，我们成功地将可编程控制器添加到系统中，并实现了与各个传感器的数据通信和控制指令的发送。该系统能够实时采集风速、风向等关键数据，并通过PLC的处理和控制，实现对发电机转速的精确调节，从而保持最佳叶尖速比，实现风能的最大利用。

系统的调试结果表明，所设计的变速恒频风电控制系统具有较高的稳定性和可靠性，能够满足实际应用的需求。PID控制算法的应用显著提高了发电机的转速控制精度和发电效率，使得整个风电系统更加高效、稳定。

关键词：风力发电；PLC；PID控制；PTO功能；伺服驱动；变桨控制

Design of variable speed and constant frequency wind power control system based on PLC

Abstract

As an important part of renewable energy, the core of wind power generation system is to use wind energy to rotate the wind blade, and then drive the generator to generate electricity. However, because the natural wind direction and wind speed are unstable, this causes the speed of the generator to fluctuate accordingly, which affects the stability and efficiency of the power generation. In order to solve this problem, this study designed a variable speed constant frequency wind power control system based on programmable logic controller (PLC), and introduced the PID control algorithm to realize the stable conversion of wind power and efficient power generation through the precise control of generator speed.

In the system design process, we chose Siemens S7-1200 CPU 1214C AC / DC / Rly as the core controller, with the firmware version 4.2. Through the hardware configuration of Boto software, we successfully add the programmable controller to the system, and realize the data communication with each sensor and the transmission of control instructions. The system can collect key data such as wind speed and wind direction in real time, and through the processing and control of PLC, realize the precise adjustment of the generator speed, so as to maintain the optimal tip speed ratio and realize the maximum utilization of wind energy.

The debugging results of the system show that the designed variable speed and constant frequency wind power control system has high stability and reliability, and can meet the needs of practical application. The application of PID control algorithm significantly improves the speed control accuracy and power generation efficiency of the generator, and makes the whole wind power system more efficient and stable.

Key words: wind power generation; PLC; PID control; PTO function; servo drive; variable pitch control