中文摘要

随着全球对清洁能源需求的不断增长，风力发电作为一种可再生、无污染的能源形式，正逐步成为能源领域的重要组成部分。风力发电机作为将风能转化为电能的关键设备，其性能与效率的提升对于整个风电产业的发展具有重要意义。而齿轮箱作为风力发电机中的核心传动部件，其设计水平直接影响到风力发电机的运行稳定性和发电效率。

本文针对3MW风力发电机齿轮箱的设计展开研究。首先，分析了风力发电机齿轮箱的载荷特性，明确了其承受的复杂载荷类型，包括风载荷、机械载荷以及动载荷等。在此基础上，对齿轮箱的机械结构进行了初步设计，选取了合理的传动方案，即两级行星派生型传动方案。通过详细计算，确定了各级传动的齿轮参数，包括模数、齿数、齿宽、螺旋角等关键参数，以确保齿轮箱能够高效、稳定地传递扭矩。

其次，对行星齿轮传动进行了受力分析，得出了各级齿轮的受力情况，包括扭矩、弯矩以及轴向力等。依据相关标准，对齿轮箱的关键零部件进行了静强度校核，确保其在极端工况下的安全可靠性。同时，对齿轮箱的箱体进行了设计，包括箱体的形状、尺寸以及材料选择等，以满足齿轮箱的强度和刚度要求。

在完成齿轮箱结构设计的基础上，本文还进行了齿轮箱的详细设计，包括轴系设计、轴承选型以及密封设计等。通过计算输入轴和输出轴的受力情况，选择了合适的轴材料和结构形式，并确定了轴的直径、长度等尺寸参数。同时，对轴承进行了选型计算，确保轴承能够满足齿轮箱的转速和载荷要求。此外，还考虑了齿轮箱的密封性能，设计了合理的密封结构，以防止油液泄漏和杂质侵入。

最后，本文利用CAD软件绘制了齿轮箱的装配图，并构建了Pro/E的三维模型，以直观展示齿轮箱的结构和布局。这为后续的制造、装配以及调试工作提供了重要的参考依据。

通过本文的研究，成功设计了一款3MW风力发电机齿轮箱，该齿轮箱具有结构紧凑、传动效率高、运行稳定可靠等特点。本研究不仅为风力发电机齿轮箱的设计提供了理论支持和实践经验，也为推动我国风电装备制造业的自主创新和产业升级做出了贡献。

关键词：风电；3MW；齿轮箱设计；受力分析；静强度校核；三维建模

Abstract

With the growing global demand for clean energy, wind power generation, as a renewable and pollution-free form of energy, is gradually becoming an important part of the energy sector. As a key equipment to convert wind energy into electric energy, the performance and efficiency improvement of wind turbine is of great significance to the development of the whole wind power industry. As the core transmission component of the wind turbine, the design level of the gearbox directly affects the operation stability and power generation efficiency of the wind turbine.

This paper studies the design of 3MW wind turbine gearbox. Firstly, analyze the load characteristics of the wind turbine gearbox, defined the complex load types, including wind load, mechanical load and dynamic load. On this basis, the mechanical structure of the gearbox is preliminarily designed, selecting a reasonable transmission scheme, namely the two-stage planetary derived transmission scheme. Through detailed calculation, the gear parameters of all levels of transmission are determined, including modulus, tooth number, tooth width, spiral Angle and other key parameters, to ensure that the gear box can transfer torque efficiently and stably.

Secondly, the planetary gear transmission analyzed the forces of all gears, including torque, bending moment and axial force. According to the relevant standards, the key parts of the gearbox are static checked to ensure its safety and reliability under extreme working conditions. At the same time, the gearbox box is designed, including the box shape, size and material selection, to meet the strength and stiffness requirements of the gearbox.

On the basis of the gearbox design, the gearbox design, including shaft design, bearing selection and sealing design. By calculating the force of input and output axes, the appropriate shaft material and structure form are selected, and the diameter and length are determined. At the same time, the bearing selection is calculated to ensure that the bearing can meet the speed and load requirements of the gearbox. In addition, the sealing performance of the gearbox is also considered, and a reasonable sealing structure is designed to prevent oil leakage and impurities.

Finally, this paper maps the gearbox assembly using CAD software and constructs a 3 D model of Pro / E to visually show the structure and layout of the gearbox. This provides an important reference basis for the subsequent manufacturing, assembly and commissioning work.

Through the research of this paper, a 3MW wind turbine gearbox is successfully designed, which has the characteristics of compact structure, high transmission efficiency, stable and reliable operation. This study not only provides theoretical support and practical experience for the design of wind turbine gear box, but also makes contributions to promoting the independent innovation and industrial upgrading of China's wind power equipment manufacturing industry.

Key words: wind power; 3MW; gear box design; force analysis; static strength check; 3-dimensional modeling