摘要
特色果业作为我国农业的重要组成部分，正引领着广大农民走向致富之路。在果树园艺环节中，开沟施肥是一项至关重要的工作，它不仅能够显著提升果树的产量，还能有效保证果实的品质。然而，目前我国果树的开沟施肥工作仍然高度依赖人力，这主要归因于现有小型果园施肥机大多需要与大中型拖拉机配套使用，导致在一些大型拖拉机无法进入的复杂地段，如山地、丘陵等，开挖沟渠变得尤为困难。
针对这一问题，本文深入剖析了小型果园施肥机在开沟方面的不足，并设计了一款新型开沟机，以满足不同地段的开沟需求。本文首先根据小型果园施肥机的园艺要求，确定了开沟机的设计参数，并进行了运动学分析和功率计算。随后，完成了开沟机关键部件的结构设计，包括绘制主要零部件的二维图和三维图，并对各零件图进行了组装，形成了完整的装配图。
本文所设计的化肥开沟机采用了链式传动结构，这种结构使得开沟机易于操纵，且开出的沟渠形状规整、沟底平整。该开沟机与小型拖拉机配合使用，操作灵活，通过性好，适应性强，能够高效地完成开沟施肥任务。为了保持沟底平整，本文还设计了主梁尾部的刮土板，用于刮平沟底的土壤。
相比于之前的开沟机，本文所设计的开沟机在综合性能上得到了显著提升。它不仅能够适应各种复杂地形，还能够提高工作效率，减轻农民的劳动强度。因此，本文所设计的开沟机在果园管理中具有广阔的应用前景，能够为果园的增产增收提供有力保障。
关键词：果树；开沟机；链式传动；刮土板；施肥机
Abstract
As an important part of China's agriculture, the characteristic fruit industry is leading the majority of farmers to the road to get rich. In the process of fruit tree horticulture, ditch fertilization is a crucial work, which can not only significantly improve the yield of fruit trees, but also effectively ensure the quality of fruit. However, at present, the ditch fertilization work of fruit trees in China is still highly dependent on manpower, which is mainly attributed to the existing small orchard fertilization machines mostly need to be used with large and medium-sized tractors, resulting in a particularly difficult excavation of ditches in the complex areas where some large tractors cannot enter, such as mountains, hills, etc.
In view of this problem, this paper deeply analyzes the shortcomings of small orchard fertilization machine in opening, and designs a new type of trench machine to meet the needs of different sections. Firstly, the paper determines the design parameters of the ditch opening machine, and makes kinematic analysis and power calculation. Subsequently, the structural design of the key components of the trench opening machine was completed, including drawing two-dimensional and three-dimensional drawings of the main components, and the component drawings were assembled to form a complete assembly diagram.
The fertilizer trench machine designed in this paper adopts the chain transmission structure, which makes the trench machine easy to manipulate, and the shape of the ditch is neat and the bottom is smooth. The furrow machine is used together with the small tractor, with flexible operation, good passability, strong adaptability, and can efficiently complete the furrow fertilization task. In order to keep the bottom of the ditch flat, this paper also designed the scraping plate at the tail of the main beam to scrape the soil at the bottom of the ditch.
Compared with the previous opening machine, the comprehensive performance of the opening machine designed in this paper has been significantly improved. It can not only adapt to a variety of complex terrain, but also improve work efficiency and reduce the labor intensity of farmers. Therefore, the ditch opening machine designed in this paper has broad application prospects in orchard management, and can provide a strong guarantee for orchard production and income.
Key words: fruit tree; ditch opening machine; chain drive; soil scraping board and fertilizer application machine
目录
摘要
Abstract
1 绪论
1.1本课题的研究背景及意义 1
1.2国内外研究开发现状及趋势 2
1.2.1国内小型果园施肥机的研究现状 2
1.2.2国外小型果园施肥机的研究现状 2
1.3本课题的主要研究内容 3
2小型果园施肥机的总体方案设计 3
2.1 小型果园施肥机工作参数的确定 3
2.1.1小型果园施肥机设计参数
2.1.2小型果园施肥机工作原理 4
2.1.3小型果园施肥机运动学分析 4
2.2 小型果园施肥机切削土壤阻力的确定 7
2.3小型果园施肥机消耗功率的确定 9
2.3.1工作链传动所消耗的功率 9
2.3.2小型果园施肥机前进所需的功率 10
2.3.3辅助机械的传动所消耗的功率 12
2.4小型果园施肥机总体参数的确定 12
3小型果园施肥机结构的设计 12
3.1小型果园施肥机附加减速器的设计 12
3.1.1传动比的分配及传动装置的动力参数 13
3.1.2齿轮的设计 15
3.1.3轴的设计 24
3.2小型果园施肥机开沟链的设计 29
3.2.1开沟链型号的选择 29
3.2.2开沟链的校核 30
3.2.3开沟链上刀具的选择及排列方式 31
3.3螺旋绞龙的设计 32
3.4挂接机构的设计 33
3.5液压缸的选择 33
结论 35
参考文献 36
致谢 37
附录...........................................................................................................................................38
