摘  要

为了解决好氧发酵菌剂研发效率低、精确度差等问题，本研究基于计算机网络、数据库、物联网、基因测序等技术及开源软件组（MySQL、Django、Nginx、Micropython等）等开发了一套微型好氧发酵反应器，包含微型好氧发酵装置、智能监控系统、Web平台三个模块。本文获得的主要结果如下：

1. 研发了一种500 mL的微型好氧发酵装置，同时建立了一个基于Web的在线监控及数据分析系统Compostlab，并通过物联网将Compostlab的后台服务器和微型好氧发酵装置连接起来制备了一套微型好氧发酵反应器，从而实现了对微型好氧发酵装置中的温度、二氧化碳浓度等各项数据的实时监控和在线分析。验证试验显示：微型好氧发酵反应器中的物料pH在5天内能够从6.38上升到8以上；物料中的厚壁菌门类群相对丰度能够从不到70%上升到90%以上；体系内能持续产生二氧化碳。上述结果均表明能够利用该微型反应器开展好氧发酵反应。

2. 利用微型好氧发酵反应器分析了两株Bacillus thermoamylovorans（T11，T36），一株Ureibacillus thermosphaericus（T23），以及三株菌株复配形成的TH1复合菌剂在厨余废弃物好氧发酵快速生物干化中的作用。结果发现，加入T36菌剂的处理堆肥高温期最长，7天内有5天温度大于55℃；氧气消耗量最大，7天内共消耗7.495 g氧气；能够促进好氧发酵过程，提高嗜热菌株T36在整个堆肥过程中的相对丰度；在堆肥高温期能够迅速恢复微生物群落多样性，并在堆肥过程中动态富集了耐高温降解菌属Lactobacillus、Aeribacillus、Bacillus、Sporosarcina、Symbiobacterium、Vulgatibac等。

综上所述，该反应器能够极大地减少好氧发酵反应体积，能够为大规模好氧发酵试验提供一个便捷的平台，可助力好氧发酵菌剂与工艺的研发。

关键词：好氧发酵，菌剂，反应器，物联网

Abstract

In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and poor accuracy in the research and development of aerobic fermentation microbial inoculants, a miniature aerobic fermentation reactor was developed based on computer network, database, Internet of things, gene sequencing and open source software groups (MySQL, Django, Nginx, Micropython, etc.). It includes three modules: miniature aerobic fermentation reactor, intelligent monitoring system and Web platform. The main results of this paper are as follows:

1. Developed a 500 mL miniature aerobic fermentation device, and an on-line monitoring and data analysis system based on Web was established. A miniature aerobic fermentation reactor was prepared by connecting the background server and the miniature aerobic fermentation device through the Internet of things. Thus the real-time monitoring and on-line analysis of the data such as temperature and carbon dioxide concentration in the miniature aerobic fermentation device are realized. The verification test shows that the material pH in the miniature aerobic fermentation reactor can rise from 6.38 to more than 8 in 5 days, the relative abundance of thick-walled bacteria in the material can increase from less than 70% to more than 90%, and carbon dioxide can be produced continuously in the system. The above results show that the miniature reactor can be used to carry out aerobic fermentation.

2. This Miniature aerobic fermentation reactor was used to analyze the role of two strains of Bacillus thermoamylovorans (T11 T36), one strain Ureibacillus thermosphaericus (T23) and a combination of the three strains TH1 in the rapid bio-drying of kitchen waste by aerobic fermentation. The results showed that the treatment with T36 inoculum had the longest high temperature period, with 5 days in 7 days when the temperature was higher than 55°C; the oxygen consumption was the largest, with a total consumption of 7.495 g of oxygen in 7 days; it could promote the aerobic fermentation process and improve The relative abundance in the whole composting process; the microbial community diversity can be quickly restored during the composting high temperature period, and the high-temperature-resistant degrading bacteria genera Lactobacillus, Aeribacillus, Bacillus, Sporosarcina, Symbiobacterium, Vulgatibac, etc. were dynamically enriched during the composting process.

In conclusion, this reactor can greatly reduce the volume of aerobic fermentation reactions and provide a convenient platform for large-scale composting experiments. It can help with the research and development of aerobic fermentation bacteria agents and processes.

Key words: Aerobic fermentation, Bacterial agents, Reactors, Internet of things