摘 要
随着信息技术的发展、电子设备的普及以及通信技术的进步，人们已经越来越习惯于使用图像这种便捷高效的方式进行交流，图像获取与处理也由此进入了一个高速发展的时期。
现如今，图像处理相关技术在日常生活中随处可见。USB 摄像头因其即插即用的便捷性、相对廉价的成本和不弱的性能，成为最具优势的图像获取设备。而在图像处理方面，人脸识别无疑是当前最热门的领域之一。随着技术的进步，尤其是机器学习、人工智能的突破性发展，人脸识别技术逐渐应用到众多的个人设备上， 用于解锁、移动支付，甚至交友相亲等方方面面。
本文是在 Windows 系统下基于 Python 语言开发的图像获取与处理软件，实现了图像实时获取、显示并处理的功能。其中，图像获取使用的便是 USB 摄像头， 并且能够摄像头的部分属性参数进行调整以便获取更高质量的数字图像；图像处理部分实现了灰度化、直方图、边缘检测以及人脸检测与识别功能。选用开源的可以跨平台运行的计算机视觉库 OpenCV 来实现以上各种功能；最后使用 GUI 开发库 PyQt 5 整合各功能模块，编写生成可执行的软件供用户使用。
关键词：图像获取；图像处理；人脸识别
Abstract
With the development of information technology, the popularization of electronic equipment and the progress of communication technology, people have become more and more accustomed to the use of image such a convenient and efficient way to communicate, image acquisition and processing technology has also entered a period of rapid development.
Nowadays, image processing technology can be seen everywhere in our daily life. As the most commonly used image acquisition device, cameras are not only covered by streets and lanes, but also come into thousands of households and are often held in the hands of people. USB camera has become the most advantageous image acquisition device because of its convenience, relatively cheap cost and weak performance. About image processing,face recognition is undoubtedly one of the hottest areas. With the progress of technology, especially the breakthrough development of machine learning and artificial intelligence, face recognition technology is gradually applied to personal equipment, which is used in unlocking, mobile payment, even making friends and other aspects.
This paper is about the development of image acquisition and processing software based on Python language in Windows system, realizing the function of image real-time acquisition, display and processing. Among them, image acquisition uses the USB camera, and some properties of the camera can be adjusted to obtain higher quality digital images. The image processing part realizes gray scale, histogram, edge detection and face detection and recognition. OpenCV, an open source, cross-platform computer vision library, is chosen to implement all of these functions. Finally, the GUI development library PyQt 5 is used to integrate various functional modules and write and generate executable software for users to use.
Keywords: image acquisition, image processing, face recognition
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第 1 章 绪 论
1.1课题背景及研究的目的和意义 1
1.2课题国内外研究概况 1
1.3摄像头图像获取及人脸检测与识别的应用 3
1.4本文的主要研究内容 4
第 2 章 实时图像获取及处理的相关原理
2.1实时图像获取设备 5
2.1.1USB 摄像头图像采集原理 5
2.1.2Windows 操作系统下摄像头的驱动 6
2.2数字图像处理与人脸识别原理 7
2.2.1图像处理基础 7
2.2.2基于机器学习的人脸检测与识别 10
2.3 本章小结 11
第 3 章 基于 Python 的软件设计与编程
3.1图形用户界面设计 12
3.2程序结构设计 13
3.3利用 OpenCV 获取图像 14
3.3.1从摄像头获取图像 14
3.3.2摄像头相关参数获取与设置 15
3.3.3保存图像和视频 16
3.4使用 OpenCV 进行图像处理 17
3.4.1基本图像处理 17
3.4.2人脸检测与识别 18
3.5PyQt 5 和 GUI 编程 21
3.5.1QMainWindow 窗口控件 21
3.5.2在 PyQt 界面上显示实时画面 22
3.5.3弹出对话框的使用 23
3.5.4利用按钮实现暂拍照、录像和暂停功能 24
3.5.5在 PyQt 中应用 Matplotlib 绘制灰度直方图 25
3.5.6使用 Qt Designer 实现界面显示与业务逻辑的分离 26
3.6软件打包与测试 27
3.7 本章小结 28
结 论 29
参考文献 30
致 谢 31
附录Ⅰ 软件总体设计框图 32
附录Ⅱ 毕业设计软件效果 33
