摘要

农药的低利用率是影响农业生态环境和农产品品质安全的重要原因之一，优化农药喷施技术是提高农药利用率的有效手段。无人机植保喷施作业作为航空施药领域的重要组成部分，因其应对突发灾害能力强,不受作业地点限制等优势，具有巨大的发展潜力。喷嘴作为植保无人机喷施系统中的关键部件，主要分为液力雾化喷嘴和离心雾化喷嘴两大类，良好的喷嘴性能能够大大提升航空施药喷洒的均匀性，提高农药的利用效率。

针对农业施药无人机，本文确定了“六旋翼农用施药、航拍功能无人机”的设计说明书，介绍了无人机的设计过程，主要通过概念性论述，经过对无人机结构研究、分析的整体把握，以结构、动力、控制三部分进行设计，并结合实际通过对农业施药无人机设想进行结构改进、设计优化以提高设计的应用性，这种方法对类似产品的设计制造同样具有借鉴作用。结合我国当前农业机械化发展现状，通过对命题的分析得到了更加清晰开阔的设计思路，设计作品具有系统性、实用性和创新性。设计方案包括无人机整体机架、施药机构等，并给出了CAD设计图、整体装配图SOLIDWORKS等内容，确保无人机结构简单、适用灵活、便于普及、成本低廉等。

关键词：六旋翼；农业施药；无人机；农药施药无人机；控制系统

Abstract

The low utilization rate of pesticides is one of the important reasons that affect the agricultural ecological environment and the quality and safety of agricultural products. Optimizing pesticide spraying technology is an effective means to improve the utilization rate of pesticides. As an important part of the field of aviation application, UAV plant protection spraying has great development potential because of its strong ability to deal with sudden disasters and its advantages, such as not limited by the location of the operation. As the key part of the spraying system of plant protection UAV, the nozzle is mainly divided into two categories: hydraulic atomization nozzle and centrifugal atomization nozzle. Good nozzle performance can greatly improve the uniformity of aviation spraying and improve the utilization efficiency of pesticides.

In this paper, the design specification of "six-rotor agricultural spraying and aerial photography function UAV" is determined, and the design process of UAV is introduced. This method is also useful for the design and manufacture of similar products. Combined with the current development of agricultural mechanization in China, a clearer and wider design idea is obtained through the analysis of the proposition, and the design works are systematic, practical and innovative. The design scheme includes the whole frame of UAV, the application mechanism and so on, and gives the CAD design drawing, the whole assembly drawing SOLIDWORKS and so on, which ensures that the UAV has simple structure, flexible application, easy popularization and low cost.

Keywords: six rotor; agricultural application; UAV; agricultural UAV; control system

摘 要

Abstract

摘要