马铃薯收获机系统设计

摘  要

近几年我国有不少地区在研制马铃薯收获机械，主要是小型的马铃薯挖掘机，机型在工作原理及结构上大同小异，它们只是把薯块从土里挖出来成条铺放于地表靠人工捡拾，这种方式对薯块的损伤比较大，捡拾和收集马铃薯仍然要耗用大量的人力物力，未从根本上解决马铃薯收获的机械化问题。

针对目前市场上的马铃薯收获机由于机型过大而不适合在丘陵山区作业的缺点。研制一款小型马铃薯收获机。该机机型小巧，适应性好，能够顺畅地在丘陵山区作业，大大提高了马铃薯的收获效率，降低劳动成本。田间试验表明，该机收获指标符合马铃薯收获机械的相关要求。利用CAD和SOLIDWORKS三维设计软件，对马铃薯收获机进行改进创新，对动力输入与离合器装置、传动装置、振动筛、挖掘铲、机架等零部件进行了三维设计与建模。

关键词：马铃薯；收获机；机械结构；三维设计；电路设计

Design of potato harvester system

Abstract

In recent years, many regions in China are developing potato harvesting machinery, mainly small potato excavators. The models are similar in working principle and structure. They only dig out potato blocks from the soil and lay them on the surface to pick them up manually.

In view of the current market potato harvester because the model is too large and not suitable for operation in hilly and mountainous areas. Develop a small potato harvester. The machine is small and adaptable, can work smoothly in hilly and mountainous areas, greatly improve the efficiency of potato harvest and reduce labor costs. Field experiments show that the harvest index of this machine meets the requirements of potato harvesting machinery. Using CAD and SOLIDWORKS 3D design software, the potato harvester is improved and innovated, and the power input and clutch device, transmission device, vibrating screen, excavating shovel, frame and other parts are designed and modeled in 3D.

Keywords: potato; harvester; mechanical structure ;3D design; circuit design