中文摘要

全球定位系统（Global Positioning System－GPS）是美国国防部主要为满足军事部 门对海上、陆地和空中设施进行高精度导航和定位的要求而建立的。GPS 作为新一代导 航与定位系统，不仅具有全球性、全天候、连续的精密三维导航与定位能力，而且具有 良好的看抗干扰性和保密性。因此，发展全球定位系统（GPS）已成为美国导航技术现 代化的重要标志，并且被视为本世纪美国继阿波罗登月计划和航天飞机计划之后又一重 大科技成就。

目前，GPS 精密定位及时已经渗透到了经济建设和科学技术的许多领域，尤其对经 典测量学的各个方面产生了极其深刻的影响。它在大地测量学及其相关领域，如地球动 力学、海洋大地测量学、天文学、地球物理勘探、资源看勘查、航空与卫星遥感、工程 变形监测、运动目标的测速以及精密时间传递等方面的广泛应用，充分显示了这一卫星 定位技术的高精度和高效益。

近年来，高精度定位技术在我国已得到蓬勃发展。在我国大地测量、精密工程测量。 地壳运动监测、资源勘察和城市控制网的改善等方面的应用及其所取的成功经验，进一 步展示了 GPS 精密定位技术的显著优越性和巨大潜力。

随着由南方公司牵头的国产测量型 GPS 的产生和发展，静态测量型 GPS 已经在国 内全面普及。随着急速的的发展 RTK 动态测量型 GPS 也将更广泛的应用于国内测量的 各个领域，从而将为国家的经济建设、国防建设的发展做出新的奉献。

关键词：嵌入式，GPS定位系统，GPS数据解析，QT界面设计

Abstract

Global Positioning System (Global Positioning System GPS) is a major to meet the department of the U.S. department of defense (dod) if land, sea and air facilities for high precision navigation and Positioning requirement. GPS as a new generation of navigation and positioning system, not only has a global, all-weather, continuous precision 3 d navigation and localization ability, and has good anti-interference and secrecy. Therefore, the development of global positioning system (GPS) has become the navigation technology important symbol of modern, and is regarded as the century America following the Apollo mission to the moon and the space shuttle program after another major scientific and technological achievements.

At present, the GPS precise positioning in a timely manner has permeated many fields of economic construction and scientific technology, especially for the Canon surveying the extremely profound influence all aspects of the. It in geodesy and its related fields, such as the earth dynamic mechanics, Marine geodesy, astronomy, geophysical exploration, resource exploration, aviation and satellite remote sensing monitoring, engineering deformation, moving target's velocity and precision are widely used in aspects of time passing, fully shows the positioning technology of high precision and high benefit.

In recent years, the high precision positioning technology has been booming in China. Geodesy and precise engineering surveying in our country. Crustal movement monitoring, resource survey and the improvement of urban control network and other aspects of the application and successful experience, from which a step shows the significant superiority of GPS precise positioning technology and huge potential.

As led by southern company model of measuring the emergence and development of GPS, GPS static measurement type has universal access within countries. Along with the rapid development of GPS RTK type dynamic measurement will be more widely applied in domestic measurement fields, which will be the development of the country's economic construction, national defense construction to make the new contribution.

Keywords: embedded GPS positioning system, GPS data parsing, QT interface design

目  录

第1章 绪论........................................................................................................................... ..........1

1.1 选题背景和意义....................................................................................................... .... .1

1.2 主要研究内容.......................................................................................................... .. ....1

第2章 GPS系统基础知识介绍....................................................................... ....................... ... ....2

2.1 GPS 定位的坐标系统........................................................................ .......... .............. ....2

2.2 GPS 定位的时间系统........................................................................ .............. ........... ...3

2.4 电磁波的传播与 GPS 卫星信号...................................................... ....................... ......4

2.4.1 电磁波的介绍......................................................................... ....................... .... .4

2.4.2 大气层对GPS信号传播的影响…............................................ ....................... .... .5

2.4.3 GPS卫星的测距码信号............................................................ ....................... .... .6

2.4.4 GPS 定位的观测量及误差分析.............................................. ....................... .... .8

2.4.5 GPS定位的方法与观测量................................................................................. .... .8

2.4.6 观测量的误差来源及其影响..................................................................... ......... .9

第3章 GPS系统关键技术...................................................................................... ................ .......12

3.1 1linux开发平台................................................................................................... ........12

3.2 QT图形化界面的处理........................................................................................... ........12

3.3 串口的操作............................................................................................................ .......13

3.4 数据的格式............................................................................................................ .......15

第4章 GPS系统分析与设计........................................................................................................ ..18

4.1 需求分析.................................................................................................. .................... ..18

4.2 技术可行性分析...................................................................................... .......................18

4.4 总体设计.................................................................................................. .......................18

4.4.1 开发环境选定................................................................................ ......................18

4.4.2 操作系统选定.................................................................................. ....................18

4.4.3 处理器选定..................................................................... .............. ......................18

4.4.4 软硬件划分..................................................................... .............. .... ... ...... .. ...19

第5章 GPS系统实现..................................................................... .............. ................... ..............20

5.1 串口端口读取配置实现............................................... .............. ................... .............20

5.2 读取GPS信息的实现..................................................... .............. ................... .............21

5.3 奇偶校验处理............................................................... .............. ................... .............22

5.4 数据格式的转换与处理的实现.................................... .............. ................... ............22

5.5 Sqlit数据库对接收到的数据的处理......................... .............. ................... .............23

5.6 各种按键的信号函数处理........................................... .............. ................... .............23

5.7 第二主界面................................................................... .............. ................... .............24

5.8 地图................................................................... .............. ................... ............... ... .....26

第6章 总结和展望........................................................... .............. ................... ............... ... .... .27

6.1 总结................................................................... .............. ................... ............... ... .....28

6.2 展望................................................................... .............. ................... ............... ... .....28

致谢................................................................... .............. ................... ............... ... ...... .. ... .. .....29

参考文献........................................................... .............. ................... ............... ... ...... .. ... .. .....30