摘 要
技术进步是一个国家、一个地域经济增长的重要推动力量，在经济全球化的背景下，跨国企业对外直接投资（FDI）尤其投资服务业的金额大小，对东道国的技术进步产生深远的影响。我国实行对外开放以来，采取多种优惠政策以吸引外商投资来发展我国经济。广东省作为改革开放的排头兵，在整个对外开放进程中起着重要作用。2001年中国成为WTO的一员，作为经济大省之一的广东，如何更好地顺应时代发展的潮流，利用外商投资的力量，结合自身资源和地理位置特点，提升广东省的科学技术水平，发展当地经济，成为迫切需要关注的问题。
本文主要采用实证分析和规范分析相结合，定性与定量分析相结合的分析方法，按照“一般理论—定性分析—定量分析—政策建议”的思路研究广东服务业FDI是否具有技术进步效应，得出以下结论：
理论部分从FDI、技术进步和技术进步效应等相关概念入手，定性分析了广东服务业FDI的特点和趋势以及FDI对广东服务业技术进步的影响机制。分析表明，广东服务业FDI具有地区、行业分布不均，集中珠三角地域，以传统服务业为主的特点；形成服务业FDI金额地区差异趋于扩大，并将向其他新兴服务业转移的趋势。FDI对东道国技术进步促进的途径可分为直接效应和间接效应，而各种效益并非均为正，在特定条件下FDI可能产生逆外溢效应。
实证部分基于1995-2009年广东服务业外商直接投资存量等统计数据，分析了广东服务业FDI是否具有技术进步效应。分析结果表明：服务业FDI与广东技术进步间存在一定的相关性；服务业FDI在广东省总投资的比重每提高1%，对广东省经济增长产生9.69%的阻碍作用；服务业FDI自身要素生产率每提高1%，对广东经济增长产生0.32%促进作用。但其综合效应为负，对广东经济增长产生阻碍作用，没有产生技术外溢效应。
最后，根据广东省自身科技水平不高，投资环境较为缺乏的现状，从政府和企业的角度，提出培育服务业，引导SFDI行业投资方向等对策建议来提高广东省SFDI的技术进步效应。
关键词：服务业 外商直接投资（FDI） 技术进步效应 技术外溢
The Study on FDI in Service Industry and Effects of Technical Progress in Guangdong
Liao Zhantu
（College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China）
Abstract:
Technical progress is an important pushing power of a country or an area. In the background of Economic globalization, foreign direct investment (FDI) made by the transnational corporations, especially the investment of service industry, exerts heavy influence on the technical progress of the host country. Since the reform and opening-up police, many favored policies have been putted into practice to attract foreign investment so that to accumulate capital and develop our economic. As the leader of the reform and opening-up police, Guangdong province plays an important role in the progress. With China’s access to WTO, as one of the biggest economic province, how dose Guangdong follow the development trend so that to improve the level of science and technology and develop local economy with the power of foreign investment and it’s owe characteristics.
Following a “general theory-qualitative analysis-quantitative analysis-suggestion” thinking route, this paper conducts an empirical research on the relationship between service foreign direst investment in Guangdong and technological progress by combing empirical analysis and normative analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The results are as follows:
In the part of theory, this thesis begins with the definition of FDI, technical progress and effect of technical progress, followed by analysis of the FDI characteristic and tend. And then relation between FDI and Guangdong’s technology progress of service industry is analyzed. It shows that the SFDI of Guangdong have the characteristics of areas and industries unbalance, get together in Pearl River delta and traditional service industry focused. The ways of promoting host country’s technical progress are including direct and indirect effects. And not all of them are positive. In some designated conditions, FDI may lead to technology spill.
In the part of empirical research, this paper analyze whether SFDI of Guangdong have technical progress effects based on the data of Guangdong service industry, 1995-2009. The results are as follow: SFDIL have relation with the technology progress of Guangdong; when the SFDI increases 1%, the GDP decrease 9.69%: when the RSFDI increases 1%, the GDP increase 0.32%. But the multiple effects are negative and bad for GDP, without technical spillover.
At last, according to the situations of low technical level and lack of good investment environment, this paper provides suggestions of improving SFDI technical progress from the perspective of government and enterprise in Guangdong, such as developing service industry and instructs the investment direction of SFDI.
Key words: Service industry Foreign direct investment Effect of technical progress Technical spillover
目 录
1 前言 1
1.1 研究背景与研究意义 1
1.2 研究内容与研究方法 1
1.3 SFDI技术进步效应研究综述 2
1.3.1国外研究回顾 2
1.3.2国内研究回顾 2
2 FDI与技术进步相关理论基础 3
2.1 FDI和技术进步定义 3
2.2 FDI的技术进步效应理论发展 4
2.2.1 FDI的技术进步直接效应 4
2.2.2 FDI的技术外溢效应 4
2.3 FDI 技术进步效应的作用机制 5
2.3.1 FDI直接促进TFP 6
2.3.2 FDI间接影响TFP 6
3 广东SFDI技术进步效应总体分析及实证分析 7
3.1 SFDI在广东省的总体情况 7
3.1.1 广东SFDI空间分布特点 7
3.1.2 广东SFDI 行业分布特点 9
3.2 模型选定与数据说明 9
3.2.1 模型选定依据与形式 10
3.2.2 具体研究对象 11
3.2.3 数据选取、来源与说明 11
3.3 服务业FDI对我省技术进步效应的实证分析 11
3.3.1实证结果 11
3.3.2结果分析 12
4 实证结果进一步分析 13
4.1 我国服务业FDI存在的问题 13
4.2 广东省服务业FDI存在的问题 13
5 政策建议 14
5.1 培育广东省服务业 14
5.2 政策引导服务业FDI行业投资方向 14
5.3 提高服务业FDI的使用效率 15
6 结论及研究不足 15
6.1 结论 15
6.2 研究不足 16
参 考 文 献 17
附 录 19
致 谢 20
