人们生活水平的提高和生活方式的改变，对用电管理水平提出了更高的要求。人工抄表方式费时费力，而且受人为因素的影响。目前出现的预付费IC卡电表使收费方式发生了改变，但远不能适应用电商品化、管理现代化的市场需要。为此本文研制了一种利用电力线载波传输的智能化抄表系统。此系统是利用低压供电网作为数据传输媒介，用户且可随时查询用电信息，安装、使用方便，功能强，是一种智能的、现代化的用电管理系统。

    智能抄表是指采用通讯和计算机网络等技术自动读取和处理表计数据。发展表计自动抄表技术是提高用电管理水平的需要，也是网络和计算机技术迅速发展的必然。在用电管理方面，采用自动抄表技术不仅能节约人力资源，更重要的是可提高抄表的准确性，减少因估计或誊写而造成帐单出错，使供用电管理部门能及时准确获得数据信息。由于电力用户因此不再需要与抄表者预约上门抄表时间，还能迅速查询帐单，故这种技术能满足人们生活方式的改变和需要。随着电价的改革，供电部门为迅速出帐，需要从用户尽快获取更多的数据信息，如电能需量、分时电量和负荷曲线等，智能抄表为实现上述要求提供了切实可行的技术手段。

随着现代电子技术的发展，通讯技术和计算机网络技术都有了飞速进步，而二者的结合又进一步演化出许多新的通讯方式和通讯系统，为自动抄表即智能抄表系统的实现提供了更多的现实可能。

 

    With the improvement of people’s life level and the alteration of people’s life mode, people put forward more requirements about the level of the management of electricity. Manual mode not only waste time and manpower but also is subjected from the effect of man. The payment in advance pattern using IC card have made the mode of charge changed, but it is not adapted for marketable requirements of commercial electricity and modern management. So this paper presented an intelligent meter reading system based on power transmission line carrier. This system which Low –voltage electrical net is acted as the medium for data transmission, and the fee for electricity can be examined at any time with the convenience of usage and installation is an intelligent and modern management system.

    Intelligent Meter Reading automatically reads and deals with meter data with the communication and the computer net technology. The development of automatic meter reading is not only the requirement of the improvement of the level of electricity management but also the necessity of the development of computers and nets. In electricity management, automatic meter reading can not only save manpower but also improve the veracity of readings, and lessen the error of the bill because of the estimate and the transcription and make the administration precisely get data information in time. The user no long bespeaks time with copiers and can examine the bill, so this technology more and more is welcomed by users.

With the development of modern electric technology, the technology of the communication and computer nets have progressed in the very fast. What’s more, combination of both produces many new communication mode and communication system, which provides more realistic possibilities for automatic meter reading, automatic reading system.

 

                     目     录

第一章  概述......................................................... 1

§1.1 论文选题的意义和主要研究内容........................ 1

§1.1.1 论文选题的意义.................................... 1

§1.1.2 论文的主要研究内容............................... 1

§1.2 论文研究的关键性问题................................... 2

§1.3 电力线载波通信的现状和发展........................... 2

§1.3.1 我国电力线载波通信的现状...................... 3

§1.3.2 电力线载波通信的发展............................ 4

第二章 电力线扩频载波通信技术................................. 5

§2.1 电力线通信信道的特点................................... 5

§2.2 电力线扩频载波通信技术的发展........................ 6

§2.3 扩频通信技术的原理..................................... 8

§2.3.1 基本原理............................................ 8

§2.3.2 扩频通信的基本参数.............................. 11

§2.3.3 扩频编码与同步................................... 13

§2.4 扩频通信的性能分析.................................... 18

§2.4.1 扩频通信系统模型................................ 18

§2.4.2 扩频通信的抗干扰能力.......................... 22

§2.4.3 扩频通信的信噪比和误码率..................... 27

§2.5 扩频通信的捕获与同步................................. 31

§2.5.1 扩频序列的捕捉................................... 31

§2.5.2 扩频序列的同步................................... 38

§2.6 电力线SSC通信技术的优越性......................... 41

第三章 关键性问题的解决及设计............................... 45

§3.1 微功耗的设计与实现.................................... 45

§3.2 智能化的设计与实现.................................... 47

§3.3 网络化的设计与实现.................................... 47

§3.4 安全性设计与实现....................................... 48

第四章 电力线载波集中抄表系统的具体实现................. 49

§4.1 电力线载波集中抄表的系统构成...................... 49

§4.1.1 用电管理中心主机的构成........................ 49

§4.1.2 用户终端数据采集的构成........................ 50

§4.2 电力线载波集中抄表的硬件原理设计................. 50

§4.2.1 电路原理图........................................ 51

§4.2.2 PIC系列微控制器硬件结构特点................ 51

§4.2.3 PL2000电力线载波扩频通信芯片简介......... 53

第五章 电力线载波集中抄表的软件设计....................... 60

§5.1 单片机的软件设计....................................... 60

§5.1.1 主程序流程图..................................... 60

§5.1.2 主要功能........................................... 61

§5.2 用电管理中心主机软件设计............................ 61

§5.2.1 开发平台及开发选用的语言..................... 61

§5.2.2 用电管理中心主机软件流程图.................. 62

§5.2.3 用电管理中心各部分功能的简介................ 63

第六章  全文总结.................................................. 69

参考文献............................................................. 70

致    谢............................................................. 72

附   录1............................................................ 73

附   录2............................................................ 74