基于PLC的自动洗碗机的设计

摘要

随着时代的日益进步，人民生活水平的不断提高，在过去被认为的一些繁琐的事情都被人们所制造的机械所代劳。洗碗机的发展日新月异，在欧洲洗碗机是家庭和企业的厨房好帮手，不过在中国的发展时间较短，还没有普及^[3]。德国的米勒公司制造出了欧洲第一台电动家用洗碗机，不过他的外形还是较单纯的“机器”，没有和家庭整体环境密切联系。年美国GE公司生产了第一台电动台式洗碗机，不仅洗涤性能有所提高，而且整机体积外形也有所改善。在亚洲最早从事洗碗机的研究的是日本，日本已经加大了微电脑全自动台式洗碗机的研发力度，目前日本研究和设计洗碗机的水平领先于亚洲其他国家，日本设计的洗碗机有节能、自动化程度高、工作稳定等优点，所代表的企业有松下、三洋、三菱、东芝等。与此同时，欧美则已经把家用洗碗机发展成具有统一形象的厨房家电。欧美所代表的企业有米勒、西门子、惠而浦等公司。

本课题首先对自动洗碗机的结构和外观造型设计，在了解了洗碗机基本特点以及结构的基础上对其外形做合理的改善。

其次设计硬件它主要由箱体、控制机构、加热器、碗篮、洗涤装置、漂洗剂供料装置、进水及排污装置和门控开关等组成。洗碗机应该设有自动和手动开关。在手动控制下，洗碗机按照手动按键完成相应的工作过程。在自动控制下按下自动控制按钮和启动按钮。洗碗机能够按照系统中编写的程序，自动的完成全部的洗碗过程；

最后在软件选择方面，在编写程序之前先画好系统控制的程序流程图，再用Automation Studio编程软件编写程序的梯形图和语句表，再将编写好的程序导入Automation Studio仿真软件中进入最后的调试，检查洗碗机各个部件是否能够正常工作，如果出现错误再修改相应的程序，直至能够正常工作。

关键词：洗碗机；机械造型设计；PLC自动化；Automation Studio；仿真

Abstract

With the increasing progress of the times, the continuous improvement of people's living standards, in the past to be considered some of the cumbersome things have been made by the people of the machinery. Dishwasher development is changing, the dishwashers in Europe are home and business kitchen is a good helper, but in China the development time is shorter, not yet popular [3]. Germany's Miller produced the first electric household dishwasher in Europe, but his appearance is still relatively simple "machine", and the whole family is not closely linked with the overall environment. The United States GE company produced the first electric desktop dishwasher, not only improve the washing performance, and the overall shape of the body has improved. In Japan, the first research in the dishwasher is Japan, Japan has increased the microcomputer automatic desktop dishwasher research and development efforts, the current level of research and design of dishwashers in Asia, other countries, Japan designed dishwasher Machine has energy saving, high degree of automation, stable work, etc., represented by the enterprises are Panasonic, Sanyo, Mitsubishi, Toshiba and so on. At the same time, Europe and the United States has been the home dishwasher into a unified image of the kitchen appliances. Europe and the United States on behalf of the enterprises are Miller, Siemens, Whirlpool and other companies.

The subject of the first automatic dishwasher structure and appearance of the design, in the understanding of the basic characteristics of the dishwasher and the structure on the basis of its shape to do a reasonable improvement.

Second, the design of the hardware it mainly by the box, control agencies, heaters, bowl basket, washing device, rinse agent feeding device, water and sewage devices and gated switches and other components. The dishwasher should be equipped with automatic and manual switches. In the manual control, the dishwasher in accordance with the manual button to complete the corresponding work process. Press the Auto Control button and the Start button under Auto Control. Dishwasher can follow the system in the preparation of the program, the automatic completion of all the washing process;

Finally, in the software selection, before the preparation of the program to draw the system control program flow chart, and then use the Automation Studio programming software to write the program ladder and statement table, and then write a good program into the Automation Studio simulation software to enter The final debugging, check the various parts of the dishwasher can work properly, if there is an error and then modify the corresponding program until it can work properly.

Key words: dishwasher; mechanical design; automation; PLCAutomation Studio; simulation