外文文献
Regard along with the network technology daily popularization and the information construction, now the school generally all compounded the test safe monitoring equipment, and has built the management information system in this foundation, to information construction positive impetus function. But has the software construction in the practical work to fall behind the phenomenon which constructs to the hardware, for example, the education administration level also pauses to examinee's inspection in the traditional test pattern, not only the efficiency is low, moreover also has many malpractices, creates the information resource the waste.
Test non- paper, network, not only can effectively reduce the correlation personnel's work load, the better use computer and the network superiority, enhances the working efficiency, also can fairly cause the test, to be fair. Based on this kind of demand, we developed set of performance stably for the test design, safe have been reliable the network which, the ease of operation was allowed to satisfy massively simultaneously uses to take a test the system. Causes the test the security, fairness, fair greatly to enhance. After this system actual movement uses, effect good, not only greatly advanced the test information construction advancement, moreover causes the school to examinee's inspection more scientific, air, fair, to be highly effective and the network.
The network test system should be able to satisfy the massive examinees in any place, any time all can participate in the test, and automatic judgment result. Through to the test service demand multianalysis, the main function which this system should provide as follows:
1) The examinee may on-line carry on the test, after the test had finished by computer automatic judgment score, and the recording result, the examinee also may examine the standard answer. If the test time, the system automatic prompt completes an assignment and stops doing answers.
2) The teacher may on-line establish the revision question bank, revises the examinee individual material, and monitors the examination place situation and so on.
3) the manager may on-line establish reference material and so on the examinee, teacher, the verification question bank, arranges the examinee to take a test, revises the examinee and the examination place condition, inquires the examinee to take a test the result, monitors the examination place situation as well as the establishment test project with tests the test question number and so on.
Moreover for the guarantee test fair, is fair, the examination paper test question stochastically extracts by the computer from the question bank. For strictly will cease the test to cheat the behavior, the system later is best also should provide the function which the fingerprint confirmation will register.
Its main flow is: After the user basis is authorized registers, the system basis user jurisdiction difference, establishes the corresponding operation. After the train attendant registers may carry on the test, operation and so on examination result and standard answer; After the teacher registers may carry on revises operation and so on examinee's individual material, revision question bank, revision user password as well as monitoring test situation; After the manager registers besides has teacher's all functions, but also may carry on the verification question bank (only has verified question bank only then to be allowed to carry on test),establishment operation and so on test time, inquiry, printing test result.
Also may establish following several items:
Test workstation: Carries on the test to the examinee the customer end procedure. Mainly provided has carried on according to the system disposition stochastically sets the topic of a composition, the confirmation registers, test function and so on time prompt, automatic judgment result, examination test result as well as standard answer. Test workstation divides into the customer end procedure and the Web way in the realization way, former allows the examinee (support touches screen test pattern) through the customer end procedure the way to carry on the test, latter allows the examinee to carry on the test through the test special-purpose network.
The test establishes the workstation: Carries on the establishment tote test service the customer end procedure. Mainly provided the revision question bank, the verification question bank, revised the examinee material, establishes the examinee/examination place condition, the inquiry/printing test result, the question bank inducts/derives function and so on function as well as monitoring test situation.
Test application server: Network on-line test system application server. Mainly has realized the data cushion and the test service logic seal and duplicate uses the function, is takes a test the workstation, the test establishes the workstation and the database server connection. Has provided the rich connection using the server, may increase or the reduced service rule through the module way, considered later will take a test the service promotion, also should reserve the new test type connection using the server level, will cause later the system to expand conveniently. Moreover, for guarantee test effectiveness, using server support hot backup database server pattern, namely if presently is using the database server breaks down, then in the system disposition reserve database server automatic cutover for the current database server, all these is does not know in the user with in the intervention situation carries on. Through application server level effectiveness, truly caused the test service to achieve the use easily, the function formidable, the performances table, the modular degree was strong, has satisfied the new time to an information construction higher request.
Furthermore, considered the system the stability with carries out the efficiency, in the analysis network configuration foundation, the system later might select distributional three C/S and B/S will mix with the overhead construction method, namely: The examinee if miscarries on the test in this section, may choose the C/S structure to touch the screen test and the examination site test pattern; If the examinee is carries on the test in the outside areas, may choose the B/S structure the examination site test pattern.
The network on-line test system needs to carry on the data through the network the transmission, therefore applies the server, the Web server and the database server security must from the system design time carries on the plan. We might use below the security measure:
1) In stalls the reliable firewall, carries on the effective containment to the exterior malicious attack.
2) The server (including applies server, database server and the Web server) the hard disk district transformation is the NTFS form, open sure sportive jurisdiction according to the different demand for the user.
3) May write the essential code the DLL module, not only streng the need the security, simultaneously also caused the system the modular degree to strengthen, enhanced the system performance.
4) May carry on two times of encryptions in the database to the essential data.
5) 2,000 data backups with restores the function using SQL the SERVER, guarantees the database information the integrity and the security.
The current software quite popular system structural model mainly has: C/S structural model and B/S structural model. These two kinds of structures may divide into two with the multilayered overhead con saturation, the main difference lies in whether has used them idle ware (for example COM+ or CORBA) comes the overhead construction to apply the server level. This structural model unified distributional multilayered C/S and the B/S merit designs, divides into the customer level, business logic level and the data level in the usual situation.
Customer level: Below mainly uses for to satisfy the overall system each kind of visit demand and processes works: The receive user's in put, carries on the analysis inspection to user's input and makes corresponding processing; Sends out the data to the server to request that, demonstrated by movement result which transmits using the server. The customer level usually is composed by the customer advancement, the customer advancement mainly includes the advancement in this model which the IE browser dynamic foundation the advancement as well as the customer end test workstation founds and so on.
Business logic level: Will be responsible to receive the request which will transmit from the customer end or the tour and to request will bequeath the first floor to carry on processing, simultaneously will request the processing result transmission for the customer end or the brow ser. Business logic level advancement mainly is composed by middle ware MTS/COM+ as well as some related processing advancements.
Microsoft Corporation has promoted Windows DNA under the Windows platform (Distributed inter Net Application Architecture, distribution network application structure) strategy. Takes Windows COM+ in the DNA strategy the middleware. In the Windows 2,000 above operating systems, COM+ has become a system part. COM+ was the intermediate level has characteristic provided the load balance, the object pond (Object Pooling), business characteristic and so on a series of force support, and the procedure which worked in COM+ receives the operating system the protection, thus the biggest guarantee system security, stable and was highly effective.
In this model, mainly through the ADO realization data dynamic ration, ADO is the Microsoft current mainstream data accessing module, compares with the former data accessing technology, it has provided the extremely simple object model, and has sealed the complex first floor visit technology. Data level: Mainly provides the digital data service for business logic level, like the stored datum operating result, returns to the data retrieval result and so on.
This structural model has overcome two C/S malpractice, fully has used distributional multilayered C/S and the multilayered B/S merit, extremely good has used the existing network resources, and is to the existing network resources effective integration, the use as well as the expansion.
Then what is XML?
XML (eXtended Markup Language) is one kind of mark language, likes HTML which we is familiar with to be same, but the XML label is according to own needs to come by the people to have custom-made, in other words, any word and the character all may do for the label uses, so long as can the accurate expression data attribute. The accurate expression data meaning is the biggest advantage which XML brings. Moreover, the XML use text mode saves its form, is advantageous for between the procedure, the operating system links up, the exchange, the adapt ion at present the Internet development. XML appeared the short several years to obtain the widespread application, at present newly promotes software nearly could support XML. For example Microsoft Net series software, Office series software and so on. Does not leave for several years, XML can replace HTML to become on Internet the standard mark language?
This system if introduces the XML language expression data the advantage, is causes in the system the customer end data demonstration and the system processing data separation, reduces the development system complex, reduces the system process time, reduces the network transmission quantity, thus enhances the system to carry out the efficiency. The unified modeling language (Unified Modeling Language, UML) is the object-oriented software standardized modeling language. Because its simple, is unified, also can express in the software design the tendency and the static information, at present already became the visible modeling language in fact industry standard.
From enterprise information system to base on Web distributional application, even is strict real-time inserts the type system all suitably to come in handy UML to come the modeling. This is one kind of rich expression strength language, may describe each kind of view which the development needs, then take this as foundation assembly system. This system if introduces UML the main superiority enhances the software development efficiency, reduces the development time, saves the development cost. Take the UML language modeling should be by Rational Corporation's Rose tool as best. But Rose quite expensive, and Rose quite is huge, uses is not too convenient. Borland Corporation produces the ModelMaker modeling tool not only supports, moreover also has its original place in the object modeling. Therefore the modeling tool selects ModelMaker.
翻译：
随着网络技术的日益普及和信息化建设的出视，现在学校普遍都配制了考试安全监控设备，并在此基础上搭建了管理信息系统，对信息化建设起到了积极的推动作用。但在实际工作中存在着软件建设落后于硬件建设的现象，例如，教育管理层对考生的考核还停留在传统的考试模式，不仅效率低下，而且还存在许多弊端，造成信息资源的浪费。
考试的无纸化、网络化，不仅能有效减少相关人员的工作量，较好的利用计算机与网络的优势，提高工作效率，也能使考试更加公平、公正。基于这种需求，我们为考试设计开发了一套性能稳定、安全可靠、操作方便的可以满足大量同时使用的网络考试系统。使得考试的安全性、公平性、公正性大大提高。
本系统实际运行后使用后，效果良好，不仅大大推进了考试的信息化建设进程，而且使得学校对考生的考核更加科学化、公平化、公正化、高效化和网络化。
网络考试系统应该能满足大量考生在任何地方、任何时间都能参加考试，并自动判断成绩。通过对考试业务需求的详细分析，本系统应提供的主要功能如下：
1） 考生可以在网上进行考试，考试结束后由计算机自动判断分数，并记录成绩，考生还可以查看标准答案。如果考试时间到，系统自动提示交卷并停止作答。
2） 教员可以在网上建立、修改题库，修改考生个人资料，监控考场情况等。
3） 管理员可以在网上建立考生、教员等档案资料，审核题库，安排考生考试，修改考生和考场状态，查询考生考试成绩，监控考场情况以及设置考试项目与考试题数等。
另外为保证考试的公平、公正，试卷的试题由计算机随机从题库抽取。为严格杜绝考试的作弊行为，系统以后最好还应该提供指纹验证登录的功能。
其主要流程是：用户根据授权登录后，系统根据用户权限的不同，设置相应的操作操作。乘务员登录后可以进行考试，查看成绩及标准答案等操作；教员登录后可以进行修改考生的个人资料、修改题库、修改用户密码以及监控考试情况等操作；管理员登录后除具有教员的一切功能外，还可以进行审核题库（只有审核过的题库才可以进行考试）、设置考试时间、查询、打印考试成绩等操作。
也可以设置以下几项：
考试工作站：对考生进行考试的客户端程序。主要提供了根据系统配置进行随机出题、验证登录、考试时间提示、自动判断成绩、查看考试成绩以及标准答案等功能。其中考试工作站在实现方式上又分为客户端程序与Web方式，前者允许考生通过客户端程序（支持触摸屏考试模式）的方式进行考试，后者则允许考生通过考试专用网进行考试。
考试设置工作站：对考试业务进行设置的客户端程序。主要提供了修改题库、审核题库、修改考生资料、设置考生/考场状态、查询/打印考试成绩、题库的导入/导出功能以及监控考试情况等功能。
考试应用服务器：网络在线考试系统的应用服务器。主要实现了数据缓冲及考试业务逻辑的封装与复用功能，是考试工作站、考试设置工作站与数据库服务器的接口。应用服务器提供了丰富的接口，可以通过模块方式增加或者减少业务规则，考虑到以后考试业务的升级，应用服务器层还应预留了新考试类型的接口，使得以后的系统扩展较为方便。另外，为保证考试的高效性，应用服务器支持双机热备份的数据库服务器模式，即如果当前正在使用的数据库服务器发生故障，则系统配置中的后备数据库服务器自动切换为当前数据库服务器，这一切都是在用户所不知晓与干预的情况下进行的。通过应用服务器层的高效，真正使考试业务做到了使用简便、功能强大、性能稳定，模块化程度强，满足了新时期对信息化建设的较高要求。
再者，考虑到系统的稳定性与执行效率，在分析网络配置的基础上，系统以后可采用分布式的三层C/S与B/S混用的架构方式，即：考生如果是在本段进行考试，可以选择C/S结构的触摸屏考试和考点考试模式；如果考生是在外地进行考试，可以选择B/S结构的考点考试模式
网络在线考试系统需要通过网络来进行数据的传输，因此可应用服务器、Web服务器与数据库服务器的安全性必须从系统设计时就进行规划。我们可采用了以下安全措施：
1）加装可靠的防火墙，对外部的恶意攻击进行有效的遏制。
2）将服务器（包括应用服务器、数据库服务器与Web服务器）的硬盘分区转化为NTFS格式，根据不同的需求为用户开设各自的权限。
3）将关键代码可写成DLL组件，不但增强了安全性，同时也使系统的模块化程度加强，提高了系统性能。
4）在数据库中对关键数据可进行二次加密。
5）应用SQL SERVER 2000的数据备份与恢复功能，保证数据库信息的完整与安全。
当前软件界比较流行的系统结构模型主要有：C/S结构模型与B/S结构模型。这两种结构又可分为二层和多层架构，主要的区别在于是否使用了中间件（例如COM+或CORBA）来架构应用服务器层。该结构模型结合了分布式多层C/S与B/S的优点而设计，在通常情况下分为客户层、事务逻辑层和数据层。
客户层：主要用来满足整个系统的各种访问需求并处理以下工作：接收用户的输入，对用户的输入进行分析检查并作相应的处理；向服务器发出数据请求，显示由应用服务器传来的运行结果。客户层通常由客户进程组成，在该模型中客户进程主要包括IE浏览器动态创建的进程以及客户端的考试工作站创建的进程等。
事务逻辑层：负责接收从客户端或游览器传来的请求并将请求传给底层进行处理，同时将请求处理结果发送给客户端或者浏览器。事务逻辑层的进程主要由中间件MTS/COM+以及一些相关的处理进程组成。
在Windows平台下微软公司推出了的Windows DNA（Distributed inter Net Application Architecture，分布式网络应用结构）策略。把COM+作为Windows DNA策略中的中间件。在Windows 2000以上操作系统中，COM+成为了系统的一部分。COM+为中间层提供了负载平衡、对象池（Object Pooling）、事务特性等一系列的强力支持，并且在COM+中工作的程序受到操作系统的保护，从而最大的保证了系统的安全、稳定和高效。
在该模型中，主要通过ADO实现数据动态操作，ADO是微软当前主流的数据访问组件，与以往的数据访问技术相比，它提供了极为简单的对象模型，并封装了复杂的底层访问技术。
数据层：主要为事务逻辑层提供数据服务，如存储数据操作结果、返回数据检索结果等。
本结构模型克服了二层C/S的弊端，充分利用了分布式的多层C/S与多层B/S的优点，，极好地利用了现有的网络资源，是对现有网络资源的有效集成、利用以及扩展。
那么什么是XML？
XML（eXtended Markup Language）是一种标记语言，就像我们熟悉的HTML一样，但是XML的标签是由人们根据自己的需要来定制的，也就是说，任何词和字都可以做为标签来用，只要能准确的表达数据的属性。准确表达数据的含义就是XML带来的最大好处。另外，XML使用文本方式存储其格式，便于程序之间、操作系统之间沟通、交流，适应目前互联网的发展。
XML出现短短几年就得到了广泛的应用，目前新推出的软件几乎都会支持XML。例如微软的.Net系列软件、Office系列软件等等。不出几年，XML就会代替HTML成为因特网上标准的标记语言。
本系统如果引入XML语言表达数据的好处，是使得系统中客户端数据的显示和系统处理的数据分离，减小开发系统的复杂度，减少系统处理时间，减少网络传送量，从而提高系统的执行效率。
统一建模语言（Unified Modeling Language, UML）是面向对象软件的标准化建模语言。由于其简单、统一，又能够表达软件设计中的动态和静态信息，目前已经成为可视化建模语言事实上的工业标准。
从企业信息系统到基于Web的分布式应用，甚至严格的实时嵌入式系统都适合用UML来建模。这是一种富有表达力的语言，可以描述开发所需要的各种视图，然后以此为基础来装配系统。
本系统如果引入UML的主要优势是提高软件开发效率，减少开发时间，节约开发成本。以UML语言建模应该是以Rational公司的Rose工具为最好。不过Rose比较昂贵，并且Rose比较庞大，使用不是太方便。Borland公司出品的ModelMaker建模工具不仅支持UML，而且在对象建模上也有其独到的地方。因此建模工具就选用ModelMaker。
