摘  要

随着城市的发展,土地集约利用程度不断提高,土地的利用也不再局限于地表,开始向空中、地下扩展,土地权利的立体性开始逐渐被重视。随着《中华人民共和国物权法》的颁布,空间权逐渐被我国认可,在此背景下,研究三维地籍,研究三维地籍空间数据模型以及模型创建方法成为热门的课题。

本文将从土地权利的演进过程入手,讨论宗地概念的变化,结合我国当前相关法律规定,研究三维地籍管理对象的基本形态,设计符合三维地籍特征的空间数据模型,在探讨三维地籍数据源的基础上寻求模型的创建方法,本文重点进行了以下几个方面的研究：

(1)收集我国关于空间权的相关法律法规以及各地对地下、地上宗地管理的实际情况,分析了三维权利的来源以及三维权利的划定方式,并提出了三维土地权利的具体管理单元——宗地体。

(2)通过分析二维地籍的权属要素,结合宗地体的形态特征,将权属要素在三维地籍下扩充为界址点、界址线、界址面、宗地体等四类。

(3)从现有地籍数据获取的角度出发,设计了两类三维地籍下的数据获取方式,针对这两类获取方式设计了两类宗地体模型的构模方法,并通过原型系统的方式验证了两类方法的有效性和可行性。

最终的实验表明本文所设计的三维地籍空间数据模型较好的表达了地籍要素,有效地界定了立体的土地空间权属,具有较强的平台适用性。

 

关键词：三维地籍；空间数据库；数据一体化标准 

 

Abstract

    As cities grow, the continuous improvement of the degree of intensive land use, land use is no longer limited to the surface, it began to air, underground extension of the three-dimensional land rights began gradually taken seriously. With the promulgation of "People's Republic of China Property Law", the space gradually recognized our right, in this context, 3D cadastre research, study the three-dimensional spatial cadastral data model and model creation method has become a hot topic.

    This article from the evolution of land rights to start to discuss changes parcel concept, combined with our current relevant laws and regulations, study the three-dimensional cadastral management objects basic form, designed to meet the 3D cadastre characteristic spatial data model, exploring 3D cadastre data sources the method of seeking to create the model, this paper focus on the following research aspects on the basis of:

    (1) to collect the actual situation of space on the right of the relevant laws and regulations as well as all over the ground, ground parcel management, analysis of the sources and the three-dimensional delineation of the rights of way of a three-dimensional right, and put forward specific snap a three-dimensional land rights - - parcel body.

    (2) through the analysis of two-dimensional elements of cadastral ownership, combined with morphological characteristics parcel body, will feature tenure in 3D cadastre expanded to the point boundary, boundary line, boundary surfaces, parcels body other four categories.

    (3) From the perspective of existing cadastral data acquisition point of view, two kinds of three-dimensional design data acquisition cadastral under way for these two types of acquisition mode, two types of cases Modeling Methods terrane model and prototype system by way of demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of two methods.

    The final experimental results show that the three-dimensional spatial cadastral data model designed in this paper a better expression of the cadastral elements, effectively defines the three-dimensional space of land tenure, with a strong platform applicability.

 

Keywords: 3D cadastre; spatial database; data integration standards