摘 要
葵花作为我国重要的经济作物之一，近年来产业规模持续扩大。油用葵花已跻身国内四大油料作物行列，食用葵花的发展速度则更为突出，在全国葵花总种植面积中占比超过七成。葵花主要分布在北方冷凉气候带，从黑龙江向西延伸至新疆，多生长于干旱贫瘠及盐碱化土地，是当地农户增收的重要经济来源。葵花脱粒机作为加工环节的关键装备，其结构设计对提高作业效率、降低人工强度具有直接作用。
本文以葵花脱粒机的结构设计为研究主线，对脱粒机理进行了系统分析，并据此提出了整机结构设计方案。方案确定后，本着实用、够用的设计原则，以任务书规定的常规工程需求为依据，逐步完成了详细的结构与尺寸设计以及整体装配设计。通过综合权衡各部件功能和连接关系，最终形成葵花脱粒机的总体方案。该设计构造简洁、操作方便，能够有效减轻人工投入，提升脱粒效率。
在具体设计环节，本文先后对入料口、脱粒装置、筛选装置、机架及支撑等关键组成部分进行了细化设计，确保各部件功能完备且相互协调。随后对传动系统展开设计，涵盖配套动力选型、轴的参数计算与校核、带轮设计以及轴承择定，以保障传动系统的平稳性与可靠性。最后，借助SolidWorks2014完成整机的三维实体建模，并通过CAD软件绘制了全部零部件及装配体的二维图纸，为后续制造与装配提供了精确依据。
关键词：葵花脱粒机；结构设计；脱粒原理；SolidWorks建模；CAD制图
Abstract
The sunflower sector, an important commercial crop in China, has expanded considerably in recent years. Oil-type sunflowers now rank among the four major oil crops in the country, while edible sunflowers have grown at an even faster pace and currently represent over 70% of the total sunflower acreage nationwide. Sunflower cultivation is concentrated in the cooler northern regions, stretching from Heilongjiang to Xinjiang, predominantly on dry, infertile, and saline-alkali soils, making it a vital income source for local farmers. As essential equipment in post-harvest processing, the sunflower thresher plays a key role in raising throughput and reducing labor demands, and its structural configuration is therefore of considerable engineering relevance.
This study centers on the structural design of a sunflower thresher. The threshing mechanism is first examined, after which an overall structural scheme for the machine is put forward. Once the design concept was finalized, detailed structural, dimensional, and assembly designs were carried out based on the principle of practicality and adequacy, targeting the standard engineering requirements specified in the design brief. By coordinating the functions and mutual connections among the various parts, the complete design of the sunflower thresher was established. The resulting machine is structurally simple and easy to operate, markedly lowers manual effort, and enhances threshing efficiency.
In the detailed design phase, attention was first given to the key assemblies—the feed inlet, threshing unit, screening unit, main frame, and support structure—to ensure both individual functionality and overall compatibility. The transmission system was subsequently developed, covering the selection of a suitable power source, the calculation and verification of shafts, the design of belt pulleys, and the choice of bearings, so as to guarantee operational stability and reliability. Finally, a three-dimensional solid model of the complete thresher was built using SolidWorks 2014, and two-dimensional drawings of all parts and assemblies were produced with CAD software, supplying accurate graphical references for subsequent manufacturing and assembly.
Keywords: Sunflower thresher; Structural design; Threshing principle; SolidWorks modeling; CAD drawing
目 录
摘 要
Abstract
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.1.1 研究背景
1.1.2 研究意义
1.2 国内外研究现状及发展趋势
1.2.1 国内研究现状
1.2.2 国外研究现状
1.2.3 发展趋势
1.3 研究内容
2 葵花脱粒机总体结构设计
2.1葵花脱粒机的总体设计
2.2 葵花脱粒机二维设计
2.2.1入料口
2.2.2脱粒部分
2.2.3筛选部分
2.2.4机体部分
2.2.5支架部分
2.3葵花脱粒机关键部件三维建模
2.3.1齿轮建模
2.3.2带轮建模
2.3.3机盖建模
2.3.4脱粒辊建模
3 葵花脱粒机传动系统设计
3.1 配套动力的选择
3.2 轴的设计及校核
3.3 带轮的设计
3.4 轴承的选择
4 葵花脱粒机的仿真设计
4.1 葵花脱粒机仿真流程
4.2 葵花脱粒机脱粒辊仿真设计
总结与展望
参考文献
致 谢
