汽车防撞梁优化设计
摘要：本文以宇通ZK6122H9型客车为研究对象，开展前防撞梁的优化设计研究。基于美国FMVSS208法规，采用SolidWorks构建三维模型，运用Hypermesh进行前处理，借助LS-DYNA开展碰撞仿真计算，最后通过Hyper view和LS-PrePost进行后处理。对客车前防撞梁原始模型进行100%完全正面碰撞仿真分析，发现其存在能量吸收不足、力量传导不畅等问题。针对这些问题，先从结构方面进行改进，优化力量传导结构；再采用高强度双相钢DP590替换横梁和纵梁的原始材料。经对比分析，改进后的模型在碰撞时能更好地传导冲击力、吸收能量，横梁和纵梁的变形程度大幅减小。这一系列优化在保护客车前部贵重部件、保障前排司机乘客生存空间方面发挥了重要作用，为客车前防撞梁的设计提供了参考依据。
关键词：宇通ZK6122H9型客车；正面碰撞；前防撞梁；有限元分析；结构与材料优化
Abstract： This paper takes Yutong ZK6122H9 passenger car as the research object to carry out the optimization design of the front anti-collision beam. Based on the US FMVSS208 regulations, a 3D model is built using SolidWorks, pre-processed with Hypermesh, and collision simulation calculations are conducted via LS-DYNA. Post-processing is then performed using Hyper view and LS-PrePost. A 100% complete frontal collision simulation analysis of the original model of the front anti-collision beam of the passenger car reveals issues such as insufficient energy absorption and poor force transmission. To address these problems, structural improvements are first made to optimize the force transmission structure, and then high-strength dual-phase steel DP590 is used to replace the original materials of the beams and longitudinal beams. Through comparative analysis, the improved model can better transmit impact forces and absorb energy during collisions, with significantly reduced deformation of the beams and longitudinal beams. This series of optimizations play a crucial role in protecting valuable parts at the front of the passenger car and ensuring the survival space for the driver and front passengers, providing a reference for the design of front anti-collision beams in passenger cars.
Key words：Yutong ZK6122H9 passenger car; Frontal collision; Front anti-collision beam; Finite element analysis; Structural and material optimization
目 录
承诺书
目 录
第1章 绪论
1.1研究背景和意义
1.2客车正面碰撞标准
1.3国内外研究现状
1.4研究方法和内容
第2章 客车前防撞梁模型前处理
2.1三维模型的建立
2.2有限元分析法概述
2.3有限元模型的建立
2.3.1几何清理和模型简化
2.3.2网格单元的划分和优化
2.3.3材料的属性赋值
2.3.4接触关系的设置
2.3.5边界条件和沙漏控制
2.3.6控制卡片的修改
2.4小结
第3章 客车前防撞梁原始模型碰撞分析
3.1碰撞变形分析
3.2仿真可信性分析
3.3各部件能量分析
3.4小结
第4章 客车前防撞梁结构改进碰撞分析
4.1结构改进设计
4.2碰撞变形分析
4.3可信性分析
4.4各部件能量分析
4.5小结
第5章 客车前防撞梁材料改进碰撞分析
5.1高强度双相钢DP590材料介绍
5.1.1高强度双相钢DP590材料基本属性
5.1.2高强度双相钢DP590材料力学性能
5.2碰撞变形分析
5.3仿真可信性分析
5.4各部件能量分析
5.5小结
总结
参考文献
致谢
