Ramble on architectural planning and designs of school buildings
出处：Architectural Engineering and Design Management
In the campus, functions and various demands tend to be diversified, we must find a way in the planning and designs of school buildings to adapt and meet the needs of the present, the future and even the world.
1、The functions and orders of a school
The school, especially high school's function is relatively complex. In order to achieve a reasonable design and good planning, we should give full consideration to the zoning in the school and order of teaching.
Teaching area is the core of the campus, which is the most important part of the campus construction. All other functions in the school are carried out around it. The layout of teaching areas is mainly formed with two kinds of design methods. One is the method of cluster and the other is the method of network type. The method of cluster facilitates the departments to organize the teaching activities and management independently, which can adapt to the reality of long period and stage construction in the school buildings. “Courtyard" is the traditional Chinese architectural layout. The courtyard surrounded with the buildings forms social public space, which is helpful for the communication of school. The planning development of the network is conducive to the future development of professional updating and the adjustment of scale in different departments and it can be adjusted flexibly in the use e of the real teaching. So it is a new campus planning and layout of the modern preference.it is conducive to the current domestic university colleges, combined departments and subjects to adjust the teaching reform trend.
Dormitory area is an important part of the university campus. No matter how much the social reform efforts are carried out in the management of students living areas, or the situation that "it is not a matter of counting the bedplate enrollment" as enrollment form to what extent. In the current situation, the new university campus still need good planning and constructions of students living zone. Of course, we should consider how to facilitate the socialization of management, which is conducive to the formation of an independent management system, and we should make it possible for future development.
2、Traffic organization in the school
It is very important to embody the people-oriented ideology in the traffic organization in the higher school. According to the psychology and behavior of teachers and students, the architect should study various roads organization, form and levels to create a campus environment which meets the requirements of the material and spiritual campus users.
Modern campus requires the demands that it is easy to contact, smooth, and convenient between buildings. Therefore, the design of various buildings adopts centralized layout. Construction group is agglomerate in order to minimize the distance between the floor and traffic routs. Each relatively independent region, tries to get through the segmentation boundaries. Indoor and outdoor are equipped with convenient corridor and channel, which make the building groups contact easily, improve and guarantee the traffic, communication, transport communication in the best efficiency in general.
3、The environmental and sustainable development in the schools
Influence of environment on human psychology, and feedback of the inflection of emotional effect will produce a substance. People who are in a good environment and in the spirit of encouraging mind will induce more thinking and inspiration and sparks of wisdom. Although it is invisible in the role of teaching and research, it is certainly effective. Environmental design of modern campus should be based on the creation of beautiful and elegant culture of the campus environment in order to meet the people's spiritual needs, to improve the training of people and foster noble spirits. Such as three-dimensional green, outdoor art, sculpture, and careful design of the stones, grass, water, flowers, stone lamp and small buildings. In this extremely elegant style, blending traditional and modern, to enjoy the campus, how  can the wisdom spark of teachers and students could not unrestrained.
In the school, in addition to the normal teaching and scientific research, a lot of discussion and extensive communication is very necessary. All kinds of discussion and communication can be planned and organized. And it can also be no plan and no organization. But the latter is more effective on the participants and the effect is enormous. So we need to create a free and flexible communication that can adapt to and meet the teachers and students. Such as place various settings in the interior and exterior which suitable for teachers and students to stay and rest, and set places for conversation of space and corner, and place tables and chairs. A vending machine or small shops and coffee house can be placed in the conditional place. Such a good opportunity of communication is beneficial to mutual exchange, transfer and collision of all kinds of information, intelligence and knowledge in order to the sublimation of the wisdom. The modern school building requires that  the individual building structure system and internal space should be more universal, modular and flexible in order to adapt to the changing requirements. To meet the needs of multi-function, the scale of classroom and laboratory should be large, and can be universal and interchangeable with large column frame structure system. The species are not so many, but they have the strong adaptability so as to ensure the needs of various teaching link of the multipurpose.
In the planning and design of campus , the protection of the environment and sustainable development issues should also be paid attention to. To establish the campus that not only can meet the needs of contemporary people, but also have no harm to the future development of the campus. First of all, protect the environment and maintain the ecological balance of nature from beginning to end. The campus not only have adequate green space, but also promote the good development of ecological actively. Such as it is important to keep campus biodiversity, keep the water clean, and promote the original mountain, wetland natural development. Make full use of sunlight, wind, rain and other natural resources to create a new ecological balance and artificial natural environment so that people can better enjoy the nature and return to nature.
4、 Single design of campus building
Campus buildings should have the characteristics and quality of campus construction in order to adapt to school life and reflect the new architectural forms of psychological and environmental behavior of students. It is the key and grasp   of architects and planners. Campus architectural style can give a person with a strong first impression, it is a permanent memory from generation to generation has graduated students Although there are many types of campus building which have their own characteristic styles, strengthening the group effect of buildings should be paid attention to in order to seek the unity harmony, and then seek changes in the unity. Integrity in the designs of the campus buildings should be paid attention to in order to achieve good results of harmony and unity.
The campus is composed of multiple parts. It is unlikely to make smooth reading in a period and from an investment. Due to the restriction of all aspects of the capital, the campus construction often is very long. It is important to make room for the preparation and implementation in the planning and design. At the same time, the possibility of their rational use in construction period and a variety of changes should be considered in order to avoid in the late construction interference in the too big to the normal teaching, scientific research.
The school building especially higher school building is often listed as the key project, schools and local leadership regard these buildings with high expectations. The most important of the attentions is the symbol building. The campus teaching building occupy major position, but it is difficult to present the point of symbolic due to its functional limitation. So relatively speaking, small library and administration building should reflect the iconic request. campus architectural features form the unique campus buildings and the formation of building groups represent the most prominent campus architectural style. The main building is the symbol of leading construction group and occupies an important position.