摘要
齿轮传动是现代机械中应用最广的一种传动形式。它的主要优点是：
① 瞬时传动比恒定、工作平稳、传动准确可靠，可传递空间任意两轴之间的运动和动力；
② 适用的功率和速度范围广；
③ 传动效率高，η=0.92-0.98；
④ 工作可靠、使用寿命长；
⑤ 外轮廓尺寸小、结构紧凑。由齿轮、轴、轴承及箱体组成的齿轮减速器,用于原动机和工作机或执行机构之间,起匹配转速和传递转矩的作用,在现代机械中应用极为广泛。
国内的减速器多以齿轮传动、蜗杆传动为主，但普遍存在着功率与重量比小，或者传动比大而机械效率过低的问题。另外，材料品质和工艺水平上还有许多弱点，特别是大型的减速器问题更突出，使用寿命不长。国外的减速器，以德国、丹麦和日本处于领先地位，特别在材料和制造工艺方面占据优势，减速器工作可靠性好，使用寿命长。但其传动形式仍以定轴齿轮传动为主，体积和重量问题，也未解决好。
当今的减速器是向着大功率、大传动比、小体积、高机械效率以及使用寿命长的方向发展。减速器与电动机的连体结构，也是大力开拓的形式，并已生产多种结构形式和多种功率型号的产品。近十几年来,由于近代计算机技术与数控技术的发展，使得机械加工精度，加工效率大大提高，从而推动了机械传动产品的多样化，整机配套的模块化，标准化，以及造型设计艺术化，使产品更加精致，美观化。
在21世纪成套机械装备中,齿轮仍然是机械传动的基本部件。CNC机床和工艺技术的发展,推动了机械传动结构的飞速发展。在传动系统设计中的电子控制、液压传动、齿轮、带链的混合传动,将成为变速箱设计中优化传动组合的方向。在传动设计中的学科交叉,将成为新型传动产品发展的重要趋势。
关键字：减速器  轴承  齿轮  机械传动

Wheel gear's spreading to move is a the most wide kind of the application spreads to move a form in the modern machine.Its main advantage BE:The
① spreads to move to settle, work than in a moment steady, spread to move accurate credibility, can deliver space arbitrarily sport and the motive of the of two stalks;Power and speed scope
② applies are wide;
③ spreads to move an efficiency high, η =0.92-0.98;
④  work is dependable, service life long;
⑤ Outline size outside the is small, structure tightly packed.The wheel gear constituted to°from wheel gear, stalk, bearings and box body decelerates a machine, useding for prime mover and work machine or performance organization of, have already matched to turn soon and deliver a function of turning , the application is extremely extensive in the modern machine.
⑥ Local deceleration machine much with the wheel gear spread to move, the pole spread to move for lord, but widespread exist power and weight ratio small, or spread to move ratio big but the machine efficiency lead a low problem.There are also many weaknesses on material quality and craft level moreover, the especially large deceleration machine's problem is more outstanding, the service life isn't long.The deceleration machine of abroad, with Germany, Denmark and Japan be placed in to lead a position, occupying advantage in the material and the manufacturing craft specially, decelerating the machine work credibility like, service life long.But it spreads to move a form to still take settling stalk wheel gear to spread to move as lord, physical volume and weight problem, don't also resolve like
The direction which decelerates a machine to is the facing big power and spread to move ratio, small physical volume, high machine efficiency and service life to grow greatly nowadays develops.Decelerating the connecting of machine and electric motor body structure is also the form which expands strongly, and have already produced various structure forms and various products of power model numbers.Be close to ten several in the last yearses, control a technical development because of the modern calculator technique and the number, make the machine process accuracy, process an efficiency to raise consumedly, pushed a machine to spread the diversification of movable property article thus, the mold piece of the whole machine kit turns, standardizing, and shape design the art turn, making product more fine, the beauty turns.
Become a set a machine material in 21 centuries medium, the wheel gear is still a machine to spread a dynamic basic parts.CNC tool machine and the craft technical development, pushed a machine to spread to move structure to fly to develop soon.Be spreading to move the electronics control, liquid in the system design to press to spread to move, wheel gear, take the mixture of chain to spread to move, will become become soon a box to design in excellent turn to spread to move a combination of direction.The academics that is in spread move the design crosses, will become new spread a movable property article the important trend of the development.
Essential character：Reduction gear、 Bearing 、gear 、mechanical drive
目   录
引言……………………………………………………………1
传动方案的拟定及说明………………………………………4
电动机的选择…………………………………………………6
计算传动装置的运动和动力参数……………………………7
传动件的设计计算……………………………………………8
轴的设计计算…………………………………………………12
滚动轴承的选择及计算………………………………………18
键联接的选择及校核计算……………………………………20
连轴器的选择…………………………………………………21
减速器附件的设计……………………………………………22
润滑与密封……………………………………………………23
结果与讨论……………………………………………………25
设计小结………………………………………………………28
参考资料目录…………………………………………………29

引言
国外减速器现状?齿轮减速器在各行各业中十分广泛地使用着，是一种不可缺少的机械传动装置。当前减速器普遍存在着体积大、重量大，或者传动比大而机械效率过低的问国外的减速器，以德国、丹麦和日本处于领先地位，特别在材料和制造工艺方面占据优势，减速器工作可靠性好，使用寿命长。但其传动形式仍以定轴齿轮传动为主，体积和重量问题，也未解决好。最近报导，日本住友重工研制的FA型高精度减速器，美国Alan-Newton公司研制的X-Y式减速器，在传动原理和结构上与本项目类似或相近，都为目前先进的齿轮减速器。当今的减速器是向着大功率、大传动比、小体积、高机械效率以及使用寿命长的方向发展。因此，除了不断改进材料品质、提高工艺水平外，还在传动原理和传动结构上深入探讨和创新，平动齿轮传动原理的出现就是一例。减速器与电动机的连体结构，也是大力开拓的形式，并已生产多种结构形式和多种功率型号的产品。目前，超小型的减速器的研究成果尚不明显。在医疗、生物工程、机器人等领域中，微型发动机已基本研制成功，美国和荷兰近期研制分子发动机的尺寸在纳米级范围如能辅以纳米级的减速器，则应用前景远大。