摘 要
为了提高钢锭的检测与分拣的自动化程度，提出了基于PLC和变频器的钢锭自动分拣系统的设计方案，详细介绍了该系统的工作原理，并进行了软件和硬件设计。利用西门子S7-200PLC、MM420变频器、电涡流传感器和气缸组成了钢锭自动分拣系统设计。给出了钢锭自动分拣系统的主要控制环节。通过PLC与各种接触器、传感器和电磁阀的连接，实现了钢锭表面缺陷的自动化检测和对缺陷钢锭的自动分拣功能。该系统采用PLC和变频器控制皮带运转，用皮带传送钢锭，在传送的过程中，用电涡流传感器对钢锭的表面进行检测；若检测到钢锭有缺，接近开关检测到钢锭时，电机停止运转，气缸伸出，将有缺陷的钢锭推入分拣滑道，等气缸收回时，电机运转，检测下一块钢锭。从而实现了钢锭的自动化无损检测。本次设计的系统能连续、大批量地分拣钢锭。自动分拣系统不受时间、人的体力等因素的限制，可以连续长时间运行，同时由于自动分拣系统单位时间分拣件数多，效率将极大提高。同人工分拣分拣相比较，本设计采用涡流传感器进行检测，错误率将大大降低。该系统提高了工作效率，降低工人劳动强度，具有较强的实用价值和应用前景。
关键词：PLC；变频器；钢锭；自动分拣系统
Abstract
In order to improve the degree of automation testing and sorting of ingot ingot, puts forward the design scheme of automatic sorting system based on PLC and frequency converter, introduces the working principle of the system, and the design of hardware and software. Using SIEMENS S7-200PLC, MM420 converter, eddy current sensor and cylinder the design of automatic sorting system for main steel ingot. The control section is given ingot automatic sorting system. By PLC with various contactors, connected with the sensor and the electromagnetic valve, automatic detection of surface defects and defects of ingot ingot automatic sorting function. The system uses the PLC and inverter control for belt conveyor belt running, ingot, in the process of transmission, using the eddy current the sensor surface of the ingot was detected; if the detected ingot missing, proximity switch detects the ingot, the motor stopped running, the cylinder extends, there will be Recovery of defects of ingot push sorting slides, such as cylinder, motor operation, detection of a piece of steel ingot. In order to realize the nondestructive testing automation of steel ingots. The design of the system can be in continuous and batch sorting ingot. Automatic sorting system is not affected by time, people of physical factors such as constraints, can continuously run for a long time, also due to the number of unit time sorting of multi automatic sorting system, will greatly improve the efficiency. With manual sorting sorting compared the design by eddy current sensor detection, error rate will be greatly reduced. The system improves the work efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of workers, and has strong practical value and application prospect.
Keywords: PLC； Inverter； Ingot； Automatic sorting system
目录
1. 绪论 1
1.1 钢锭自动分拣系统的目的及意义 1
1.1.1目的 1
1.1.2意义 1
1.1.3特点 2
1.2 分拣生产线自动控制技术的进展 2
1.3 PLC和M420变频器的特点 3
1.3.1PLC的特点 3
1.3.2M420变频器的特点 4
1.4本次设计的主要内容 5
2.控制系统的设计方案 6
2.1钢锭分拣生产线的基本工作原理 6
2.2分拣系统的控制要求 7
2.3基于PLC和变频器、传感器的控制系统方案设计 8
3.控制系统的硬件设计 9
3.1 传送部分的设计 9
3.1.1传送带的选型和设计 9
3.1.2电动机的选择 9
3.2变频器的选择 9
3.3PLC的选型及I/O分配 10
3.4传感器单元及接近开关的选择 11
3.4.1电涡流传感器 11
3.4.2电感式接近开关 12
3.4.3 限位开关 13
3.5气动控制单元 13
3.6硬件接线图 14
4.控制系统软件设计 15
4.1总体流程设计 15
4.2程序梯形图 16
4.2.1传送带启动停止程序 16
4.2.2涡流检测程序 16
4.2.3气缸动作程序 17
5.仿真 18
5.1仿真结果 18
5.2设计小结 21
参考文献 22
谢 辞 23
附录：语句表 24
