Author: o. a. Turkkan, H.J. Su
DOI: 10.5194 / ms - 7-135-135
Source: the Mechanical Sciences, 7, 2 (2016-07-11) 2016-07-11
Study new concept design of mechanism were reviewed
At this stage, the application of mechanical design technology has become quite common, especially in the mechanical manufacturing industry, where design technology is a key component of manufacturing engineering and is directly related to the quality and performance of products. Social and environmental benefits and ecological benefits. Under the background of the rapid development of modern economy and society, the mechanical manufacturing industry in China has undergone qualitative changes. The emergence of advanced electronic technology, management technology and network technology has given the design technology updating method and professional theory.
[keywords] Mechanical design; Technology; Development status; trend
The mechanical design process is usually based on the principle of mechanical operation, structure and mechanical energy transfer, and the manual instruction is completed on the premise of concrete data testing. Based on this, the mechanical design technology is particularly important, it is necessary to reform and innovate the related design technology to fully meet the needs of the development of the machinery industry.
1. Overview of mechanical design and manufacture and its automation
Mechanical design and manufacture and its automation are a new type of production technology. They have the advantages of intelligence and automation by virtue of many advanced technologies, such as microelectronic technology, mechanical technology, computer technology, programming technology, etc. In the process of mechanical design and manufacture, the quality of machinery production can be improved, and conditions are created for the good construction and development of modern industry.
The characteristics of mechanical design and manufacture and its automation are:
1) Safety. Compared with the traditional mechanical manufacturing, the design and manufacture of machinery and its automation can strengthen the function of machinery with the help of advanced technology as much as possible, so that it has strong function and high safety. In the process of mechanical operation, it can be monitored in real time. In case of failure, it will be controlled and handled in time to avoid the occurrence or expansion of safety accidents.
2) It is widely used. Different from the traditional mechanical manufacturing, modern mechanical design and manufacture machine has some limitations. The automation technology of modern mechanical design and manufacturing machine has promoted the development of industry to a great extent, which makes modern industrial manufacturing face many fields, such as medical treatment, architecture and so on. Design and manufacture intelligent, automatic medical machinery, construction equipment and so on according to the application requirements of mechanical equipment in various fields.
3) Save energy. The miniaturized machinery made by mechanical design and manufacture and its automation technology makes it easier for the machinery to run itself, which can greatly reduce the energy consumption and promote the machinery to meet the requirements of energy saving and environmental protection.
2. The present situation of mechanical design technology
Optimization design, finite element design is the most important design technology in modern mechanical design. The theoretical basis of optimal design is linear programming theory in higher mathematics, and the technical support is computer numerical programming. Under the guidance of optimization theory, modern mechanical design technology is becoming more and more perfect. In the process of mechanical design, through the use of mathematical optimization thinking and modern computer technology to optimize and analyze all the mechanical design schemes, and then select the optimal solution to various complex problems and indicators to carry out mechanical design. Can realize the perfect pursuit of mechanical design to the greatest extent. Mechanical design theory Practical problems in process design, requirements for mechanical design specifications, modern computer technology, mechanical design standards, mathematical planning requirements, and mechanical design methods are all the key points that must be considered in the application of optimal design techniques. In order to design and manufacture the optimal mechanical products.
Finite element design is essentially a numerical calculation method, which is widely used in modern engineering design analysis. The rapid development of computer technology further deepens the application of finite element design technology in the field of mechanical design. The basic idea of finite element design is structure discrete method, finite node connection and coordination condition solution. In the finite element design technology, the number of nodes is fixed and invariable. When using this technique to carry out the related mechanical design, only according to the real situation to change the number of elements, and then adjust the accuracy of the design. And promote its infinite approach to the practical solution of mechanical products. Finite element design technology includes engineering mechanics The knowledge of engineering mathematics and advanced mathematics can be used to solve the static analysis of complex structures, the solution of nonlinear problems, the dynamic analysis of complex structures and the solution of unsteady problems.
3. The development trend of mechanical design and manufacture automation
? Which one? According to the present situation of the development of mechanical design and manufacture and its automation, the future development trend is as follows:
3.1 Trends in electromechanical integration
With the continuous development of computing technology and the continuous improvement of mechanical technology, numerical control equipment will inevitably be combined with computer technology and mechanical technology to support mechanical design and manufacture and its automation, and to realize electromechanical integration. Then the production structure of mechanical manufacturing will be more perfect, so that the mechanical manufacturing can be completed quickly in the complete production process, which is of great help to improve the quality and efficiency of mechanical manufacturing.
3.2 virtualization trends
The reason why mechanical design and manufacturing and automation show the trend of virtualization development. Nowadays, the application of network technology is more and more extensive, and virtualization is one of the trends of network development. So, in the process of developing machinery design and manufacture and its automation in the future, we should analyze the new concept and trend of the current machinery manufacturing, so as to determine the parts that need to be dealt with to realize the virtualization of mechanical design, manufacturing and automation. Then it is effectively integrated with the network, so the virtualization technology will be integrated into it. By constructing a virtualized mechanical product model, the mechanical components and their parameters will be defined, and then the mechanical components and their parameters will be determined. Can be standardized, rationalized mechanical manufacturing. Such as the manufacture of digital wallet based on the fusion of network technology, the simulation of digital wallet through network technology, the analysis of its structure, components, functions and so on, thus providing the standard parameters for the automatic design and manufacture of digital wallet. Making a digital wallet, then people use digital wallet for shopping, will be more convenient, faster, to achieve the organic link between virtual and reality, therefore, also called virtual reality.
3.3 Ecological trends
Today, when our government strongly advocates the idea of "energy saving and environmental protection", in order to avoid the situation that industrial manufacturing is still at the expense of destroying the ecological environment, in the process of promoting the development of mechanical design and manufacturing and its automation, It is necessary to carry out the idea of "energy saving and environmental protection", to design machinery products that meet the needs of the environment, and to make the machinery products green and pollution-free, and to move towards the path of ecological development. In addition, from the economic point of view, to promote the development of mechanical design and manufacturing and its automation in the direction of ecology will reduce the utilization of resources as far as possible and increase the utilization rate of resources, which will inevitably reduce the cost of mechanical manufacturing. To create a higher economic effect. Benefit.
3.4 trend of intellectualization
Intellectualization is one of the important developing trends of modern mechanical design. The rational application of many intelligent and automatic technologies can promote the development of mechanical design to a certain extent. At present, in order to improve the actual working efficiency of machinery and further reduce the pressure and workload of related staff, the system with intelligent calculation and design has been widely used in practical design. In addition, intelligentization is the future development direction of modern society, which is in line with the trend of mass development and can be well connected with the development trend of the times.
3.5 trend towards parallelization
The trend of parallelization comes into being under the background of the popularization of computers. On the basis of the arrival of big data, many kinds of information resource sharing platforms have been increasing, thus making the database resources more and more complete. At present, many industries in the society have completely broken the restrictions of geographical space and time dimension, different regional staff can work on the same platform. With the further development of computer technology, the traditional mechanical design technology has been gradually eliminated. The newly developed parallel design technology, which has a relatively wide range of knowledge and relatively high technology content, can make up for the traditional technology greatly. Not enough. In addition, under the support of advanced network platform, concurrent design technology can realize brainstorming, share relevant information in the industry in real time, promote the complementary advantages of various parts of the field, and save the time cost of mechanical design to the maximum extent. Get the best design results.
epilogue
For a long time, the sustainable development of industry in our country is at the cost of destroying the ecological environment, which leads to the worsening of the ecological environment in our country. In order to avoid this kind of situation, in the process of developing industry, we should set up the scientific development view, adhere to the sustainable development view, and actively apply advanced technology, such as mechanical design and manufacture and its automation. This technology can be used to manufacture intelligent, automatic, energy-saving and environmental-friendly machinery to meet the application needs. Through a series of analysis in this paper, it is determined that the development prospect of mechanical design and manufacture and its automation is good, and the development trend of mechatronics, virtualization and ecology is presented. Cause In this regard, the relevant researchers should continue to devote themselves to the research of mechanical design and manufacture and their automation.
Design documents will be Semantic Web as a design tool in the design of its Semantic Web activity of the development of ASK, using nodes and lines to describe the design a network, nodes that components of the cell (such as design tasks, functions, components or processing equipment, etc. ), used to adjust the lines and definitions between nodes of different semantic relations, thus the design process all the activities and results of pre-built models so that the definition of the early design requirements to the specific description of each structure can be defined by the relationship between the expression, achieved a computer-aided design process, the leap from the abstract to the concrete.
A systematic design method
The main features of a systematic design method are: the design as designed by a number of elements of a system, the independence of each design elements, each element of an organic link between the existence of, and is layered, with all the design elements , you can design systems to achieve the required task.
Systematic design idea in the 70's by the German scholar Professor Pahl and Beitz, the system based on the theory they developed a general pattern of the design, advocacy design work should have organized. German Engineers Association, on the basis of this design concept to develop a standard VDI2221 technology systems and product development design methods. 1. The user needs functional characteristics as a product concept, structure design and part design, process planning, job control, etc. based on the macro from the product development process of starting the use of quality function deployment method and system to user demand information reasonably and efficiently converted to the various stages of product development, technical goals and operational control procedures method.2. The level of the product life of the organism as a system, and means of living systems theory, the product design process can be divided into successful hierarchy of needs to achieve the functional requirements of the conceptual level and product level of the specific design. At the same time life-support systems used to express the abstract icons of the product functional requirements, system structure formation of product features.3. The mechanical design of the application of systems science into two basic questions: First, to be designed as a system dealing with the products, the best way to determine its component parts (modules) and their mutual relations; 2 is the product design process as a a system, according to design objectives, a correct and reasonably determine the various aspects of the design work and various design stage.
Because each designer's point of research questions and to consider the question of emphasis, to design a specific research methods used is also different. Here are some representative of the systematic design methods.4. Design Element Method
With the five design elements (functions, effects, effects vector, shape, elements, and surface parameters) describe the "product solutions" that a product to determine the value of the five design elements, the product of all the features and characteristics of the value of i.e. determined. Scholars in China have adopted similar methods designed to describe the product's original understanding.
5. Graphic modeling method
And developed a "design analysis and guidance systems" KALEIT, with the level of clear graphic description of a product's functional structure and its associated abstract information, to the system structure and function relationship of graphical modeling, and functional connection between the layers [ 2].
Assistance will be designed to be divided into two aspects of methodology and exchange of information using the Nijssen Information Analysis Method can be used graphic symbols, with a rich semantic model structure, can be described as integration conditions, can be divided into types of constraints can be achieved in relations between any combination of characteristics , the design method to solve integration and information technology to realize the design process of information between different abstraction layers between the graphical modeling.6. "Concept" - "Design" method
Product's design is divided into "concept" and "design" in two stages. "Concept" phase of the task is to find, choose and mix to meet the requirements of the original understanding of design tasks. "Design" stage of work is a concrete realization of the original understanding of the conceptual stage.
Of the program's "idea of" specific described as: In accordance with the appropriate functional structure, seeking to meet the design requirements of the original understanding of the task. The functional structure of the sub-function is performed by the "structural elements" to achieve, and "structural elements" of the physical connection between the definition of a "feature vector", "feature vector" and "structural elements" further the interaction between the formation of the functional diagram ( mechanical diagram). The program "design" is based on functional diagram, the first qualitative description of all of the "feature vector" and "structural elements", and then quantitatively describe all the "structural elements" and the connection parts ( "feature vectors"), the shape and location to be structure diagram [3]. Roper, H. using graph theory, by means of which he defines as the "total design unit (GE)", "structural elements (KE)", "functional structural elements (FKE)", "connect structural elements (VKE)", "Structural Parts (KT)", "structure element part (KET)" concepts, as well as describe the structure element size, location, and transmission parameters of the interactions between a number of kinds of schematics, the intuitive design professionals have done a formal design method a description of the formation of an effective application of existing knowledge, methods, and applied to "ideas" and "design" stage.7. Bond Graph Method
Function of the composition of system components will be divided into produce energy, consumed energy, changing energy forms, such as various types of energy transfer, and to use bond graphs to express the function component solution, hoping to function-based model and bond graph combine to achieve functional structure the automatic generation and functional structure with the bond graph automatic conversion between the search for bond graph generated by a number of design methods.
To promote the product on the basis of functional analysis, the product has some features broken down into one or several modular basic structure, by selection and combination of the basic structure of these modular form into different products. These basic structures can be parts, components, or even a system.
The structure should have a standardized interface (connection and co-operation department), and is serialized, universal, integrated, hierarchical, agile, economic-oriented, with interchangeability, compatibility and relevance. China's combination of software component technology and CAD technology, variant design combined with the modular design, according to modular principle of classification, will be divided into descending Machining Center Machine Tool product level, component level, component level and component level, and use expert knowledge and CAD technology to combine them into different species, different specifications of functional blocks, and then by the combination of these functions into different modules of the overall program processing center.
To design a directory as an alternative variation of the mechanical structure of the tool, the solution proposed by the design elements of a complete, structured layout, the formation of the solution set design catalogs. And in the solution set designed to comment on each one listed in the directory solution additional information, is very beneficial to design engineers select solution elements.
The vigorous development of network technology, collaborative design and manufacturing, as well as the product from the user's functional requirements → design → processing → assembly → finished product of this realization of concurrent engineering possible. However, an important prerequisite to achieve these goals one of the conditions is to realize the effect of product design three-dimensional visualization. To this end, three-dimensional graphics software, more and more intelligent design software programs used in the product design, virtual reality technology and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product design is also its first debut. At present, Germany and other developed countries are focused on research hypermedia technology, product data exchange standard STEP, as well as standard virtual reality modeling language based on a standard exchange format for virtual environments) in the product design applications.
Mechanical product design is moving in computer-aided realization of intelligent design and to meet the needs of distributed collaborative design and manufacture of direction, due to the computer product design Study on the implementation started late, not yet mature, to achieve the above objectives program design tools [4]. Author believes that the integrated use of paper, four types of design method is an effective way to achieve this goal. Although the integrated use of these methods are more involved in the field, not only with the mechanical design of the field-related knowledge, but also to the systems engineering theory, artificial intelligence theory, computer hardware and software engineering, network technology areas such as domain knowledge, it is still product design must be working for. Abroad in research in this area has achieved initial success, our scholars have been aware of CAD design technology and the importance of international exchange and cooperation, and its measures to be taken.
Feature-based design methodology of knowledge The main features are: using a computer can identify the language to describe the characteristics of the product and its design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to establish the appropriate knowledge base and inference engine, re-use of stored domain knowledge and the establishment of the inference mechanism to bring computer-aided product design.
The mechanical system design is mainly based on the characteristics of a product, and design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to push volume and decision-making, the completion of body type, the number of synthesis. To achieve this stage of computer-aided design, must study the automatic acquisition of knowledge, expression, integration, coordination, management and use. To this end, the design and scholars at home and abroad program for the mechanical system design knowledge of the automated processing done a lot of research work, the approach can be summarized into the following several.
